Agro-soil zoning of the land fund of Karabakh was carried out on the basis of taxonomic divisions (landscape-natural zone, agro-soil region and soil sub-district). When establishing taxonomic units, preference is given to the characteristics and properties of soils and territories acquired in the process of human economic activity. Soil subregions are identified as small taxonomic units that determine the agricultural value of soils. Among the characteristics of the territory that are important for agro-soil zoning, the conditions of micro- and nanorelief, surface slope, territory planning, drainage conditions, average annual number of microorganisms, etc. are taken into account. Within Karabakh, 3 landscape zones were identified, characterized by the predominance of the main zonal soil type: А- semi-arid subtropical low-mountain forest-shrub (mountain-meadow, mountain-meadow-steppe, mountain-forest brown); B - arid subtropical dry steppe submountain-sloping-plain (mountain-forest brown, cultivated mountain-forest brown, cultivated mountain chernozem, mountain-gray-brown, cultivated mountain-gray-brown, irrigated mountain gray-brown); V - dry subtropical semi-desert low-plain (gray soil, gray soil-meadow, irrigated meadow-gray soil, irrigated alluvial-meadow, meadow-swamp, swamp, salt marshes).

   Soil-ecological studies were carried out in Balkhash district of Almaty region on the left bank of the Ili River, where grow the unique turanga trees included into the Red List - Populus pruinosa Schrenk. Since ancient times, turanga has been considered a sacred, tenacious tree, reaching a height of 15-20 meters, it protects plantings from drying out and waterlogging of soil and, in strong winds, it stops the movement of sand, its roots penetrate deeply and retain surface moisture, as well as groundwater. The trees are in extremely critical situation. There are a lot of fallen trees, in some places cut down, broken, uprooted, sick, infected with parasites. The research object was subjected to anthropogenic degradation, pasture digression and desertification. The soil surface is represented by ordinary gray soil, which forms in the foothill desert-steppe zone. Common gray soils are underdeveloped stony-gravelly medium loamy, sandy and sandy loam and form complexes with alluvial, takyr-like, sandy and solonchak soils. The soil-ecological conditions of Ili barberry - Berberis iliensis Popov - were studied in this area. The condition of barberry is satisfactory; in some places there are dried out thinned shrubs. The overgrazing of animals takes place on the territory, which leads to compaction and decrease in soil water-physical properties.

   The article considers the features of the structure, chemical composition and physical properties of alluvial meadow soils of the pastures of the desert zone of the village of Zhambyl. These soils were formed in the sandy and sandy alluvial deposits of the Shu River. The soils of the floodplain of the river are mainly characterized by high fertility potential. But one of the factors limiting the growth of their potential fertility is the salinity of the soil image and the degree of degradation of pastures. The assessment of soil and plant indicators of pasture degradation in the Zhambyl base area is given. Previously, the area was irrigated and fertilized, and now it is used as a pasture. But due to overgrazing, the alluvial meadow soils of the desert near the village of Zhambyl and the vegetation on their surface have undergone anthropogenic degradation. Studies have shown that as the degradation of pastures increases, the thickness of the humus layer (A+B1) thinns, and the content of humus and nutrients in the soil decreases. The species and botanical composition of plants is undergoing changes, reducing their protection of the soil surface and the productivity of pasture feed. The results obtained are the theoretical foundations for the development of measures to increase soil fertility and productivity of natural vegetation on degraded pastures in the desert zone.

   Yntymak st.,26, Kazakhstan Cotton in Kazakhstan is one of the strategically important crops and is cultivated in the extreme south of the republic in the Turkestan region, in the northernmost cotton-growing zone on the globe. The aridity of the climate, the shortage of irrigation water and the growing threat of the risk of increasing saline lands in cotton plantations, on the one hand, and the insufficient and unjustified use of minerals, on the other, are the main limiting factors in cotton production. On the industrial plantations of the peasant farm "Sabyr", v. Atakent, Maktaaral district, Turkestan region, field experiments were carried out on serozems of slightly and moderately salinity in 2022. In experiments on two salinity backgrounds, 9 identical treatments of fertilizers with different doses and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied. During the phases of budding, flowering and fruit formation of cotton, biometric studies and selection of plant samples were carried out to study photosynthetic and yield indicators depending on fertilizers on 2 salinity backgrounds. The effect and interaction of fertilizers and the amount of salts in the soil on the formation of leaves in various phases of cotton development isquite accurately described (R2 = 0,957-0,972) by regression equations. At the same time, the effect of single action of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers was negative, and that of phosphorus fertilizers was positive. During the growing season, double combinations of all the studied factors, with the exception of nitrogen and potassium, had a negative effect on the dynamics of accumulation of cotton plant biomass. The gross cotton yield is 86% determined by the complex total influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the degree of soil salinity. At the same time, the unilateral effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and soil salinity on cotton yield was negative, and that of phosphorus fertilizer was positive. There is a high correlation between potassium nutrition and fiber quality indicators (r = 0,38-0,62). Changes in fiber quality indicators generally had a strong relationship with the amount of salts in the topsoil (r = 0,51-0,61).

   The article presents the results of studies on correlations between the productivity of sugar beets and phosphorus, mineral and organic phosphates of soil grown in monoculture conditions and crop rotation on irrigated dark chestnut soil. Fertilizer application in a monoculture increases the amount of mineral phosphates in the range of 691,1-791,2 mg/kg, organic phosphates by 293,2-372,0 mg/kg, and under crop rotation conditions these indicators are 567,4-775,9 mg/kg and 332,5-395,8 mg/kg, respectively. It has been established that the correlations between the yield of sugar beets grown under conditions of monoculture and crop rotation, and mobile phosphorus and “active” calcium phosphates (Ca-PI + Ca-PII) in the soil are very high and amount to: R = 0,97-0, 99 and R =0,98. The correlations between sugar beet yield and organic phosphate phosphorus (LOS, fulvo and humic acids) were insignificant compared to mineral phosphate phosphorus. Under monoculture conditions, a high correlative relationship R = 0,81 was determined between the phosphorus of loose organic substances and the yield of sugar beets, and in crop rotation - between the phosphorus of fulvic acids and the yield of sugar beets (R = 0,76).

   The article presents the results of studies on the effect of water consumption, depending on the length (96, 144 and 192) meters of irrigation furrow with a slope of relief tg = 0.021 on the leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and humus from irrigated soils of the dry subtropics of Azerbaijan under apple trees. Under conditions of leaching of nutrients, the effect of mineral and organic fertilizer systems on apple yields has also been studied. With a 96-meter furrow and a water consumption of 0.2 l/sec, the content of leached nutrients (N, P) and gross humus with soil was 0.01 % nitrogen and phosphorus, 0.02 % gross humus. Increase in water consumption from 0.2 l/sec. up to 0.4 l/sec. It has a negative effect on the leaching of humus, nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. With a water consumption of 0.4 l/sec, these indicators increased markedly by 0.01 % for humus, nitrogen and phosphorus. Along the length of the irrigation furrow in both water consumption rates, the leaching of nutrients and humus from the soil increases. It was found that with an increase in the length of the furrow to 192 meters at a water consumption of 0.4 l/sec, the leaching was greater than the 96-meter furrow in humus by 0.22 %, nitrogen by 0.07 % and phosphorus by 0.04 %. The use of an organomineral fertilizer system (Background+ N₁₂₀P₁₂₀K₉₀) had a positive effect on the yield of apple trees. Thus, in the non-maneuverable version on a 94–meter furrow, the yield of the apple tree was 274.2 c/ha - when the furrow was lengthened to 192 m, the yield gradually decreased due to the high content of leached nutrients and humus (268.5 c/ha). When using N120P120K90 + 10 t/ha of manure, 278.4 c/ha yield was established at 96 m furrow and 0.2 l/sec of water consumption. Whereas, when the furrow was lengthened to 192 m at the same rate of fertilizers and water consumption, the yield decreased to 278.2 c/ha, that is, furrow lengthening was ineffective at slopes tg = 0.021. It was found that at high slopes, the shorter the furrow, the less nutrients are washed out.

   This paper presents the results of field experiments to study the effect of fertilizers on the quality of potato tubers of the Tien Shan, Gala, Alladin and Innovator varieties grown in the foothill zone of south-east Kazakhstan.

   The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Kazakhstan she is studying the effect of fertilizers on the quality of potato tubers of four varieties grown in the foothill zone of the south-east of the country.

   The results obtained can be used to develop recommendations for the use of fertilizers for potatoes in this region. The results of the study are consistent with data from similar studies conducted in other regions of Kazakhstan and other countries. It has been established that the application of fertilizers helps to increase the content of dry matter, starch and total sugar in potato tubers. At the same time, the greatest starchiness of the tubers was noted when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers or the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The nitrate content in potato tubers of the Tien Shan, Gala and Aladdin varieties did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC - 250 mg/kg). In the tubers of the Innovator variety, the nitrate content was below the maximum permissible concentration, even in the control. Fertilizer application is an effective way to improve the quality of potato crops.

   In the conditions of the foothill zone of Kazakhstan southeast on tomato culture on variety - standard Ogonyok-777 (Kazakhstan), variety Barin (Russia), Shuruk (Netherlands) and Falkon hybrids (Turkey) the effectiveness of 7 types of bioorganic fertilisers of domestic and foreign production - Biohumus, manure, BaraebongOrganicFertilizer, MEGAVit, Terra Sorb foliar, Black Jack and liquid humic fertiliserwere studied. The study was carried out at the research station of the Regional Branch "Kainar" of "Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing" LLP according to the following accepted methods: methods of experimental work in vegetable growing, methods of agrochemical research, methods of field experiment in vegetable growing, methodical recommendations "Transition from traditional to bioorganic farming in the Republic of Belarus". High efficiency of the studied fertilisers on foreign varieties and hybrids of tomato was established. Yield of varietyBarin under the influence of different types of bio-organic fertilisers increased by 35.43-61.40 %, hybrid Shuruk - by 31.09-62.18 %, hybrid Falkon - by 39.54-67.65 %. The highest yields of tomatowere obtained by using Biohumus (10 t/ha) and manure (40 t/ha) and Baraebong Organic Fertiliser (10 t/ha). Nitrate content in tomato of variety Ogonyek 777 was 35-107 mg/kg, variety Barin was 42-116 mg/kg, hybridShuruk was 56-134 mg/kg and hybrid Falkon was 37-128 mg/kg at MCL of 150 mg/kg. Higher levels of nitrates (2.5-3.5 times more than the control) were observed in products grown with mineral fertilisers separately and in combination with biofertilisers. On variants with biohumus, manure and Baraebong Organic Fertilizer the nitrate content in tomato yield increased compared to the control by 1.5-2 times, but it was significantly lower than MCL (150 mg/kg), which allows to consider the products environmentally friendly. The isolated bioorganic fertilisers are recommended for use in tomato cultivation to obtain high yields of ecologically clean tomato products.