Thearticle includes dataonlong term researches ofrice growing in condition sofsalines oil sin Kzylorda region and way so fimproving soil-reclamation andin crease of productivity.

In article, results of monitoring five years' researches by definition of the content of carbon in soils and plants roots of abandon and virgin lands are stated at various tillage.

The amount of moisture in the soil makes it possible to establish shelterbelts. The presence of a certain stock of moisture in the deep layers gives the background to the establishment of sustainable plantations. Of all modes of soil preparation should be considered to be the most promising deep black couples.

The research results show a positive effect on fertility and soil microbial activity of the following: land reclamation, washing of light gray soils subjected to salinity in Hunger Steppe, planting of alfalfa in cotton crop rotation, fertilizers, especially manure, deep primary soil tillage, optimal irrigation regime.

This article describes research on determining the changes dehydrogenase activity in the natural development of macro aggregates development along a slope in forest soils. This study was carried out in Kocadag, Samsun, Turkey. Four landscape positions i.e., summit, shoulder back slope and foot slope, were selected. For each landscape position, soil macro aggregates were separated into six aggregate size classes using a dry sieving method and then dehydrogenase activity was analyzed. In this research, topography influenced the macro aggregate size and dehydrogenase activity within the aggregates. At all landscape positions, the contents of macro aggregates (especially > 6.3 mm and 2.00-4.75 mm] in all soil samples were higher than other macro aggregate contents. In foot slope position, the soils had generally the higher dehydrogenase activity than the other positions at all landscape positions. In all positions, except for shoulder, dehydrogenase activity was greater macro aggregates of <1 mm than in the other macro aggregate size.

In article the basic groups of microorganisms of the southern and usual chernozems of Northern Kazakhstan are considered: bacteria, actinomyces and microscopic mushrooms. Their role in transformation and soil formation processes is shown.

The features of the chemical composition of different extracts of sapropel humic acid of Krasnodar region (Primorsk-Akhtarsk city) were studied. Set of physical and chemical methods of analysis shows the high efficiency of extraction with solvents of different polarity in the separation of such a diffucult object as Sapropelic humic acid. It is shown that these extracts are significantly different by the average molecular weight, functional and elemental composition, the degree ofaromaticity, naphthenicity, oxidation, content of various groups of compounds, biological activity.

The article presents the results of the complex study of chemical composition of various extracts of sapropel Krasnodar Krai (d. Primorsko-Russia). It is established, that the organic matter extracts has a rather complicated character, including compounds of aliphatic, гидроароматической, алициклической, aroma, гетероциклической nature, a wide range of amino acids, sugars, water-soluble carboxylic acids, steroids and алкалоидных components.

As a result of researches, the data, allowing estimating the condition of soil cover of the studied fodder grounds are obtained, to show extents of their degradation and desertification, caused by the influence of natural and anthropogenous factors.

In the process of studying the soil Karatereny and surrounding areas were identified gray-brown sand, loamy, meadow - boggy and marshy-meadow saline dried soil suitable for phytomelioration measures for the restoration of soil-ecological functions of the transformed soils, owing to an aridization. All the investigated soils are characterized with low humus content, a relatively small capacity of the humus horizon, low-power elements. The content of humus in the upper horizons ranging from 0.17 % to 0.72 % with the decrease in the lower horizons. A maximum of carbonates in the gray-brown soils is observed in the upper layers of the gradual decrease of the bottom. Soil, to one degree or another saline, and are saline land. Type of salinity chloride-sulfate and calcium-sodium.

Fertilizer had tangibly influence on the content of nourishing elements in Lucerne hay. Small volume of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is accumulated in Lucerne hay where it was used P₁₈₀ Mo₀₅ +manure 10 t/ha. Here the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Lucerne hay comes to 2,86,0,52, and 2,88 %. Within three years the harvest of lucerne hays while optimal fertilizing reaches over 400 centners per hectare. It allows remaining in topsoil and subsurface over 200 centners of root and subtle remains per hectare (taking into account annual fall off roots). It is in conversion of over 3 00kg/ ha of nitrogen.

Mineral fertilizers have positive influence on accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in root body and stubble remains of Lucerne. Efficiency increases while their application in combination with organic and micro fertilizers. While optimal fertilizing, Lucerne remains in topsoil and subsurface over 200 centners of root and subtle remains per hectare (taking into account annual fall off roots). It is in conversion of over 300 kg/ ha of nitrogen.

In this article give scientific materials on unequal responsiveness of grades of winter wheat Polovchanka, Hosildor (Sanzar-8) and Tanya on norms and ratios of mineral fertilizers rather sympathetic on mineral fertilizers and fruitful appeared Polovchank's grade. A grade Hosildor (Sanzar-8) on this indicator occupies the last whereas a grade Tanya - intermediate situation.

The aim of the present work was to assess the response of selected peat (PE) physical properties, after applications of two different vermicomposts. Vermicompost from sawdust (SV) and from sugarcanes bagasse (SBV) were used at substation rates into a soil-less plant growth medium (60 % peat: 30 %vermiculite: 10 % perlite) instead of Peat, at rates of (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 % and 60 % by volume). Result show that after substitution of PE with equivalent amounts of SV or SBV with increase of bulk densities caused a decrease of porosity, Air-fill porosity and container capacity. Evaluation of these parameters is critical since they are directly related to plant growth. In the present experiments substitute of SV or SVB instead of PE were also obtained optimum physical conditions for most substrate.