In the given article the research results on change of the morphological – genetic structure of the profile, granulometric composition, distribution of the physical clay on profile, supplement of density, gross composition of soil and silty fraction of the virgin [Grey Cinnamonic] and irrigated grey-brown soil [Irrigated Grey- Cinnamonic] in the arid steppe zone of Azerbaijan have been described depending on their agricultural use and antiquity of irrigation. Dependence of their density supplement of the irrigated grey-brown soil on granulometric composition and antiquity of their irrigation was established. The place of the virgin and irrigated grey-brown soil was defined depending on agricultural use and antiquity of irrigation in the system of the international classification of WRB (2014): virgin saturated gleyey calcareous heavy-loamy grey-brown soil - Duric Gleyic Calcic Kastanozems (Loamic); Long- irrigated grey-brown (irrigationaccumulative) (more than 300 years), powerful gleyey cultivated Long- irrigated calcareous heavy-loamy-Gleyic Petrocalcic Kastanozems (Anthric, Loamic).

The results of the research open up fundamentally new directions in the use of water resources, in the study of the fertility of saline and secondarily saline lands, in the development of agrobiological and agro-reclamation methods for their improvement, in the development of effective methods for the environmental sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The developed system will significantly reduce costs and allow the widespread introduction of drip irrigation technology over large areas and in many farms in the region. The developed system of irrigated agriculture can be the basis for the adaptation of agriculture in the Ili-Balkhash basin to global climate change with the introduction of a drip irrigation system for rice, diversification of crop production with the introduction of new salt- and drought-resistant crops, and the development of effective methods of amelioration of secondary saline lands. The results of the conducted studies show that in the experimental area under the studied crops, before drip irrigation, there was a slight salinity. Thus, the dense residue under crops varies in the arable 0-20 cm layer within 0.15-0.39 %, and in the subarable 20-40 cm layer in the range of 0.13-0.58 %. After drip irrigation, the content of dense residue under the studied crops slightly increased to 0.34-1.48 % in the arable layer to 0.12 -0.88 %, that is, to the level of low and medium salinity. The results of studies on the study of various methods of irrigating rice on takyr-like soils indicate an increase in rice yields with drip irriga tion. In 2021, with drip irrigation with mulching film, the rice grain yield was 38.5 c/ha. The introduction of 100 kg of ammophos during the row sowing of rice increases the grain yield by 42.2 c/ha. With drip irrigation without a film, the greatest efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers is manifested. With double fertilization with irrigation water of 30 kg/ha in the phase of tillering and panicle ejection, the yield of rice increases by 45.7 c/ha. 651-478 c/ha of green mass of Sudanese grass and 325-287 c/ha of sorghum were obtained, with drip irrigation the soybean grain yield was 51.5 c/ha, which indicates the high ameliorative properties of these crops for cultivation on saline and secondarily saline soils of Akdalinsky irrigation array for fodder purposes. The best reclamation crops for cultivation in saline takyr-like soils of the Akdala irrigation array are soybean, Sudanese grass and sorghum.

The article presents the results of testing the biopreparations «Tumat» and «BioEkoHum» for fertility and productivity of rice-marsh soils of the Akdala irrigation array of the Balkhash district of the Almaty region. It was established that the fertility of the original soil according to the existing agrochemical gradations was characterized by an alkaline reaction of the environment, a very low supply of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen was average. The content of organic matter was at the level of 1.1 %. At the same time, fluctuations in agrochemical parameters in the experimental plots were significant. So, for organic matter, the extreme values were 0.7÷1.3 %, for easily hydrolysable nitrogen 36.4÷75.6 %, for phosphorus content - 8÷14 and potassium - 70÷160 mg/kg of soil.It was revealed that the introduction of «Tumat» into the soil + sowing with rice seeds treated by them had a positive effect on the stabilization of the humus state, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the tillering phase. Due to the change in the redox environment, the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen in this phase decreased in all variants of the experiment, since the dynamics of nitrogen content is determined by the transformation of nitrogen compounds and their consumption. In the next phases of rice development, bioameliorants contributed to an increase in effective fertility, positively influencing the content of mobile mineral forms of nitrogen. Apparently, these are very promising options in terms of maintaining soil fertility. For all variants of the experiment, there is a slight increase in the mobile form of phosphorus, and the content of exchangeable potassium decreased compared to their content in the tillering phase. As the obtained data on the biological yield showed, the largest increase was obtained in option 4 with the introduction of «Tumat» into the soil + planting of rice seeds untreated with this biomeliorant - 30.3 c/ha (36.1 %), when sowing the seeds treated with it, the increase was 30.6 %. An increase of 9 q/ha (25 %) and 7 q/ha (19.4 %) was obtained in the variants with planting seeds treated with «BioEcoHum», and planting them when it was introduced into the soil, respectively.

The article presents the results of a study on the use of biofertilizers and biologics (biohumus, manure, HansePlant, BioEcoGum, Tumat and Agroflorin) on the indicators of fertility and productivity of gray-earth soils of the south-east of Kazakhstan. In the variants of biofertilizers and biologics, the increase in total humus compared to the control was 0.02-0.04 %. Increase of nitrate nitrogen, respectively (0.4-1.1 mg/kg), mobile elements of phosphorus (10.2-16.3 mg/kg), potassium (14.4-22.2 mg/kg) and sulfur (0.1-0.5 mg/kg). The use of biofertilizers and biological preparations has shown an improvement in the agro- and water-physical properties of the soil. Biofertilizers and biologics contributed to an increase in the quantitative and weight index of large nodules formed on the main root, where active nitrogen fixation occurs (12.2-19.0 pieces or 33.5-49.7 % of all formed nodules). The largest number of nitrogen fixators was also observed in soil samples with biofertilizers and biological preparations (from (9.2±1.3) ×106 to (14.8±0.7)×106). The introduction of biofertilizers and biologics increased the content of protein (34.71-34.92 %) and fat (29.50-30.78 %) in soybean plant samples. According to the content of heavy metals in soybean grain (Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co), the indicators in these variants did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. On average, in 2021-2022, a higher level (31.4-39.8 c/ha) of soybean grain yield was obtained on variants with biologization means. At the same time, the highest yield was obtained when treated with HansePlant – 39.8 c/ha, slightly lower than 35.2-38.6 c/ha (BioEcoGum and Tumat). On variants with the aftereffect of vermicompost and manure, respectively, 31.4 c/ha were obtained. With the yield under control - 24.2 c/ ha.

In irrigated agriculture of the Turkestan region, due to improper implementation of agroreclamation measures and worn-out drainage systems, the level of mineralized groundwater increases, which leads to secondary salinization of soils, which negatively affects soil fertility and cotton yields. The introduction into production of modern integrated agro-reclamation technologies to improve the agro-reclamation conditions of soils, based on the rational use of irrigated land, is currently an urgent problem. The scientific and practical significance of the conducted research lies in the effective application of intensive agro-reclamation complex measures for the prevention of soil salinization processes in the Turkestan region in order to optimize the agrophysical properties of soils. Research methods – Experimental studies were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton Growing and Melon Growing. All the methodological requirements for the method of laying field experiments according to the method of the Union, adopted in irrigation conditions for field and vegetation experiments with cotton, have been met. In the scientific work, studies were conducted to determine the yield of the domestic zoned cotton variety «Maktaaral-4017». In the results of the research work, it was found (var. 4) that when carrying out measures for deep loosening of the soil by 55 cm and laser planning of the soil, the volume mass of the soil (density) improves, i.e. in spring, the volume mass of the soil, on average in a layer of 0-30 cm, was 1.30 g/cm³, which improved by 0.008 g/cm³ compared to the control. Salinization trends are increasing in the soil conditions of the Turkestan region from year to year. Therefore, in the prevention of negative factors negatively affecting the land, reducing the salt content in saline lands and improving the conditions of gray soil, as well as in increasing the yield of cotton, these effective methods of intensive agro-reclamation are the value and practical significance of research work.

This article presents the findings of a four-year study in intensive apple orchards in southern Kazakhstan, evaluating different nutrient management strategies on apple trees (Malus pumila). The research aimed to assess the impact of nutrition plans on tree growth, productivity, and fruit quality, considering the region's unique soil and climate. The experiment, established in 2014, covered 1.5 hectares and consisted of Jeromini apple trees grafted onto M9 rootstock. Three treatment groups were established: a control group with no additional nutrition, a group with nutrition based on a generally accepted program, and a group with nutrition tailored to the apple tree's needs with fertigation. Phenological and biometric observations were conducted regularly from 2019 to 2022 to monitor tree performance. Soil and leaf samples were analyzed for nutrient content, and soil properties like pH and salinity were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to identify significant differences among the treatment groups. The research was conducted in intensive apple orchards located in the Turkestan region, known for its grey-brown soil. The climate in the study area was characterized as continental, with hot and dry summers and limited precipitation. Soil samples were analyzed for agrophysical and agrochemical properties, including nutrient levels and trace elements. The results showed that the control group had a decreasing trend in yield, while both the generally accepted program and the tailored nutrition program showed increasing trends in yield, with the latter showing a decrease in 2022. Over the fouryear period, the fruits from the control group exhibited reduced commercial qualities. Our program demonstrated similar sweetness and superior shape and yield compared to the conventional method. However, the storage quality of apples in our program was lower. Nevertheless, considering its positive impact on soil fertility and cost-effectiveness, our program appears to be an optimal choice. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the effects of different nutrient management strategies on the growth, health, and productivity of apple trees in a garden setting. This information can benefit orchard growers and researchers seeking to optimize nutrient management practices for apple trees. The study also highlights the importance of considering various factors, such as orchard characteristics and environmental conditions, when designing nutrient management strategies for apple orchards.

The article presents the results of three-year (2015-2017) studies research on the influence of nitrogen nutrition conditions on the productivity and quality of potatoes variety Tamasha. The studies were carried out on dark brown heavy loamy carbonate soils of Central Kazakhstan with a humus content of 2.73-2.79 %, total nitrogen - 0.147-0.172 %, total phosphorus - 0.20-0.25 %, with a high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium, low content of nitrate nitrogen, slightly alkaline reaction of soil solution. Studies have shown a high responsiveness of potatoes to nitrogen fertilizers. According to the results of the research, a high correlation between potato productivity and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil (R=0.85-0.96) was revealed, the optimal level of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer was determined for Tamasha potatoes - 17-19 mg/kg. The increased nitrogen content of nitrates in the soil slightly reduced the starchiness of potatoes.

The review discusses the microbiological aspect of the concept of soil health. The concept of «Soil health» is an integral part of the concept of «One health». In 2004, at the conference «One World, One Health», the links between people, animals and the environment in the dynamics of diseases were emphasized.The paper describes methods for assessing soil fertility by integral and individual indicators of soil health and the corresponding assessment scales. Modern, proven soil health tests are considered and described. Technical regulations for standardization of soil health indicators are given.