The article describes the current state of the soil cover of the Kegen and Terskey Alatau passes. In addition, the morphological, chemical, physical and physico chemical properties of soils were studied. Soil types were determined in two regions: slightly leached chernozem in the mountain steppe zone (Kegen pass); southern chernozem in the mountain steppe zone (Terskei Alatau). The humus content in the soil of both territories (layer 0,10 cm) belongs to the category of high level (up to 9.13 %). The pH value in the soils in two samples is alkaline, the upper horizons are slightly alkaline, and depending on the lower ones medium alkaline and highly alkaline, which range from 7.1 to 8.4. Both samples are characterized by high potassium level. The soil samples of Terskei Alatau, there is a relatively high level of nutrients. More than 25 plant species were identified in the studied territories. The dominant species among them are Artemisia glauca, Artemisia vulgaris, Festuca valesiaca, Dracocephalum integrifolium. Early mapping data was used during the research to produce a new soil map with updated data.

The article considers the geographical prerequisites for the formation and development of the agroindustrial complex of the Almaty region and ways to solve it. Due to the decommissioning of arable land in the region, the identification of factors that increase soil fertility, the transfer to private ownership of part of arable land, many farms lack the potential for land development, low level of technical security, obsolescence of existing equipment, the lack of organized links between farms and scientific institutions, the lack of crop rotations, that is, on a scientific basis, the issues of applying domestic and world technologies in the use of land resources for farms are considered, which are not exchanged on the fields for a certain period of time. They also discussed trends in the development of the agroindustrial complex on the example of the Almaty region. The main indicators of agricultural development are analyzed, the problems of development of the agroindustrial complex of the region are highlighted.

Detailed soil studies have been carried out on the territory of the Ontustikagripark, the morphological, chemical and physicochemical properties of soils have been studied.A soil map of an agricultural park with 4,800 hectares area was created using remote sensing materials at a scale of 1: 25,000.

The article describes degraded pastures of brown soils in the semidesert zone of Kazakhstan and gives their detailed assessment. Physical (soil), biological (plant) indicators and geoinformation monitoring of semidesert pastures based on satellite data of medium and low resolution are presented. Based on the results of GIS technologies and field studies, a cartographic model of the degree of degradation of semidesert pastures is presented. The article also indicates the possibilities of scientifically grounded and developed measures for the practical solution of the most difficult problems of conservation and rational use of natural forage resources of pasture territories, which will contribute to the strengthening and expansion of agricultural production in general. The introduction of research results into production is an irreplaceable basis for the effective use of pastures, their restoration and improvement in the development of animal husbandry in the country.

The article discusses the results of studies of a long post reclamation period of meadow salt marshes of the piedmont plain of the Hi Alatau. Based on the use of balance and statistical methods of analysis and control of research and forecasts, the features of the formation of water salt and nutritional regimes of reclaimed soils have been studied, relationships have been developed between individual amelioration indicators and factors influencing the formation of reclamation regimes of soils. Scientifically grounded assessments of the ecological efficiency of agromeliorative measures for soil formation processes are given.At present, it is advisable to ensure the conduct of continuous engineering and reclamation monitoring, i.e. a system of regular observations, assessments and forecasts of the ecological state of reclaimed lands, which ensure optimal reclamation regimes and protection of the natural environment.

The total humus content in the distribution along the profile was studied, which corresponds to each type and dark brown soil; the highest humus content is 3.68 %.It is established that there is a clear correlation between the content of humus in the soil and the number of soil invertebrates, which allows the use of data on the total composition of the mesofauna for the characteristics and this indicator. The influence of the humus content on the soil mesofauna content is considered on a dark brown soil with a humus content in the upper layers of 3.68 %, the number of soil mesofauna was 28 species/m². The main representative of the group of geobionts in dark brown soil are earthworms (Lumbricus], Their high soil content correlates with a high humus content and good soil structure. It is established that changes in the chemical composition of the environment, the physical properties of soils lead to changes in the number and species composition of organisms

The article presents the results on the content of copper, zinc and cadmium in the soil and grain of spring triticale. The influence of green fertilizers in comparison with mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of the content of trace elements in the soil was studied and triticale grain was evaluated. The research was conducted in the zone of southern carbonate black soils of Northern Kazakhstan. According to the predecessor of wheat grass on a traditional background with the use of ammophos at a dose of P40 and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N80, on an organic background, aboveground biomass of medic and wheat grass was used as green fertilizers. Studies have shown that the use of fertilizers at a dose of P40 + N80 does not lead to significant accumulation of zinc in the soil. The use of green fertilizers leads to an increase in the content of mobile zinc compounds in the soil, which contributes to the migration of Zn in the "soil plant” system. The content of mobile copper in the soil changes during the growing period of triticale when using mineral and green fertilizers, which is associated with active removal from the soil for plant growth. Admixtures of cadmium in mineral fertilizers with 2 -year use increase the content of the element in the grain triticale (2018-0.07 mg/kg, 2019-0.06 mg/kg with a MAC of 0.10 mg/kg).

The technology of processing local waste by vermicultivation and obtaining on its basis organic fertilizer of vermicompost (biohumus) is one of the most important tasks in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It was found that vermicompost (biohumus) obtained from organic waste with the help of red Californian earthworms contributed to an increase in crop yields and the production of environmentally friendly products, which ultimately allows a purposeful implementation of the program of greening agricultural production.

The study of the biological product "BioEcoGum" was carried out on vegetable crops (lettuce, broccoli, beans). It was found that the varietal response during treatment with a biological product is not the same. The selective feature of vegetable crops is noted. Changes in the agrophysical properties of soil under the influence of preparations of biological origin during the cultivation of vegetables were revealed. The analysis of vegetable crops treated with a biological product in terms of yield, plant growth rates in comparison with control was carried out. The use of a biological product in the Almaty region of the southeast of Kazakhstan is promising in order to increase the adaptability and productivity of plants. Studies have found that by exerting a positive effect on the growth and development of plants, improving the physiological processes in the plant organism, increasing the immunity and stress resistance of lettuce, broccoli, beans, the biological product contributed to an increase in yield and product quality.

The article provides data on the study of the effect of fertilizers on agrochemical indicators of soil fertility and productivity of winter wheat in gray brown soils in southern Kazakhstan. The research results showed that the use of sulfur containing phosphorus fertilizers has a positive effect on the nutritional regime of gray brown soils in comparison with the control treatment. The yield of winter wheat increases significantly with the application of fertilizers, the increase in grain yield was 40 % or more of the unfertilized control treatment.