The article provides information on the state and rational use of soil and land resources of Kazakhstan. The state of soil surface of the territory of Kazakhstan is under the impact of current environmental problems resulting from anthropogenic pressure and irrational use of natural resources.

Long-term use of land resources without taking into account soil and climatic features led to the development of degradation and desertification processes. Regulation of land relations, land management and cadastral work is a very complex and essential problem. A reassessment of the role of state land administration in terms of completeness and effectiveness of its implementation is required

The article presents the results of soil-agrochemical survey of the middle part of the Shaulder irrigation array. It has been established that practically the entire area of arable soil compared to their virgin counterparts showed noticeable losses of humus, which undoubtedly affects the yield of cultivated crops. Оп the content of hydrolysable nitrogen, mobile form of phosphorus and exchangeable potassiumаccording to the “Instructions on the implementation of state control over the protection and use of land resources”, RND 03.7.0.6.06-96 the soils are degraded. In general, characterizing the state of soil fertility, it can be said that for the soils of these farms the most effective mineral fertilizer for cultivated crops is primarily organic, then nitrogenous. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers due to their variegated content should be aplied targeted with the obligatory observance of the recommended doses according to the cartogram. Key words: soil fertility, basic nutrients, degraded soils, soil-agrochemical survey.

The article notes the importance of the Samur-Apsheron canal in the water supply of the population of the largest cities of the republic: Baku, Sumgayit, as well as the north -eastern regions, improving the environment and increasing agricultural production. It is known that the Samur-Absheron Canal was built in 1939-1940 in the shortest possible time, under the motto of popular construction, connecting at the first stage the Samur and Atachay rivers, with a channel of 107 km. This channel is 75 years old this year. In 1950-1955, the canal was extended to Jeyranbatan, where the Jeyranbatan reservoir was established. The construction of the Samur-Absheron Canal in this region has allowed the rational use of water and soil resources. The article provides an overview of the changes that have occurred over the 75 years of the canal's existence, which, along with other hydraulic structures, plays an important role in the history of Azerbaijan.

In article researches of influence of various systems of fertilizers in a chetyrekhpolny plodosmenny crop rotation on efficiency of oil-bearing crops (mustard, a flax olive, a castor-bean tree) in the conditions of the irrigated meadow-chestnut soil on the southeast of Kazakhstan, 2008-2016 spent to the period are conducted. Optimum doses and types of fertilizers for new oil-bearing crops in providing high efficiency and an exit of oil are defined. Results of the analysis of quality of seeds of cultures studied in a crop rotation, showed that in the system of resource-saving technologies, rational use of fertilizers, promoting increase not only productivity, but also quality indicators of products are an important control lever agricultural production at cultivation not only traditional cultures in this zone (barley, soy), but also alternative, in particular olive, cultures at diversification of crop production.

The article presents data from the results of research on determining the transformation of phosphorus in various types of soil in the foothill zone of the Ili Alatau. It is shown that the content of gross, mineral and organic phosphorus in all studied soil types is subject to change in the process of agricultural use and in particular at the use of fertilizers. In the upper part of the humus horizon of the studied soils, the amount of gross phosphorus varies from 1880 to 2330 mg/kg soil. At the same time the maximum content in virgin mountain black soil. In all types of soils studied the content was of organic phosphates is almost the same as the mineral forms. The amount of organic phosphorus in the upper horizon varies: light chestnut - 1093, virgin dark chestnut - 998, arable dark chestnut - 983, virgin black soil - 1004, arable black soil 1050 mg/kg. The amount of mineral phosphorus depends on the type of soil and varies in the upper layer from 722 mg in dark chestnut to 1326 mg/kg in mountain black soil. The dynamics of fractions of mineral phosphates of different types of soils depending on the use in arable land and the use of organic and mineral fertilizers is shown. So in the dark chestnut soil on the arable land in the upper layer with a total amount of mineral phosphorus equals to 1197,7 mg/kg of high-basic (CA-III) was 747,0 mg/kg, which is 62,4 % of the total, aluminum-iron-phosphate 71,2 mg/ kg, which is 5,9 %, dibasic phosphate - 345,0 mg/kg or 28,9 % and loose phosphate (CA-PI) - 34,5 mg/kg or 2,9 % of the total. In the conditions of virgin lands, these indicators were as follows: the total amount - 1173,2 mg - 100 %, and fractions, respectively, in percent - 64,6 %, 6,4 %, 26,4 % and 2,5 %.

The energy efficiency calculations of application of various of fertilizers for crops (flax, barley, rape, soybean) of short crop rotation are presented in the article. It is shown that the value of the energy coefficient depends both on the types of fertilizers and on the biological characteristics of the studied crops. The use of fertilizers provided an increase in the yield, containing an amount of energy significantly superior to the energy spent on obtaining this increase. The energy coefficient of the studied fertilizers used for spring rape varies from 1,0 to 4,4 units, for oil flax from 2,3 to 8, 8, for spring barley 2,3 -3,8 units and for soybean from 1,63 to 9,8 units. The amount of energy spent on the production and use of fertilizers varies depending on their types and norms and ranges from 2520-18900 MJ/ha. The energy utilization rate of fertilizer, apparently, is positive in all variants of the above units. The least energy-consuming (K -9.8) using mineral fertilizers turned out to be the soybean, which does not require nitrogen fertilizers in comparison with others (flax, barley, rape)

This study aims to develop a new method of obtaining high-quality pure silicon oxide from rice husk from different regions of Kazakhstan. The proposed method is environmentally friendly and uses a significant amount of inorganic alkalis and acids described in the literature, and is compared with the method of direct combustion. To minimize environmental impact, the mineral acid phase was removed or replaced with organic acid in a pretreatment. Based on the thermo-gravimetric analysis, the calcination temperature of 600°C was chosen. The average purity of the silica samples obtained by various methods ranged from 84.5 to 99.66 %. When using the ecological method, the purity of silicon oxide was high, and the surface area reached 625 m²/g. Key words: rice husk, hydrochloric acid, silicon, silicon oxide, BET.