Examined in the article abnormalities of soil formation in anthropogenic landscapes are of great theoretical, practical, economic and ecological interest, as the extraction of mineral resources has led to significant degradation of the natural environment throughout the world. In the landscapes, transformed by human activities, disruptions of homogeneity of natural components are found. The soil is the most important indicator of the ecological state of the landscape. The results of the research are the assessment of the ecological status of technogenic landscapes, and the forecast of the speed and direction of the restoration of soil cover in disturbed ecosystems.

The articles devoted to the 80 years period of influence of U.U. Uspanov's ideas on the study on soil absorptive capacity. It is shown that the "Uspanov's effect", developed in 1933will live forever as the beginning of denial of hypothetical concepts of micellar structure of soil dispersions of colloidal size- <0.0002 mm. "Uspanov's effectis a clear example of stimulating role of talent for innovative thinking and complexity of public perception of innovative ideas.

A significant differentiation of soil genetic properties as a result of their natural differences, as well as the aggravated environmental condition, determine the need for the indepth and more comprehensive study of human impact on soil. Therefore, this article covers the issues of human impact on the basic properties of light gray soils and ways of preserving and improving soil fertility in Maktaaral district of South Kazakhstan region.

New data on environmental conditions of soil formation and the nature of petrochemical pollution in oil processing areas in Western Kazakhstan and ways of rehabilitation have been obtained. Agro-phythomelioration methods, use of microorganisms-destructors, development and implementation of the effective oil sorbents on the oil fields, including brown coal, are perspective ones.

As a result of researches, the data, allowing estimating the condition of soil cover of the studied lands of estuary irrigation are obtained, to show the extents of their degradation caused by the influence of climatic and anthropogenous factors.

By the results of the research established that in a constant flood irrigation method stubbly and root residues of lucerne decompose more intensive, and those of rice crop characterizes by lower intensiveness.

The upper fertile soil horizons the foothills of the Zailiysky Alatau are cut back and are mixed with under arable horizons or deeply buried. Research envisage improving the physical, hydro-physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological properties and food regime of the soil for ensuring of a large metropolis - Almaty ecologically clean vegetable cultures. For the first time is used carbon with a view to the impact of it on the improvement of the properties of the soil and increase its productivity in the conditions of the vegetable crop rotation at the different types of irrigation. Variants of the experiments consisted of control, carbon in the conditions of the drip, sprinkler and furrow irrigation. Studies have shown that carbon preserves soil moisture, on all versions of experience (control, carbon), growth and development of vegetable cultures differ insignificantly in comparison with the control variant.

The data of the types of the irrigative meadow-serozem soils salinity in the Mugan plain, depth of the subsoil waters seam, changes of the salinization degree, with the calculation of the salt size in the soils of the experimental area in 0-100 cm of the horizon on the basis of which a map-schem of the salinization has been composed on a scale of 1:1000 are given in the article. A degree of salinization is also accounted depending on their granulometric composition on this map-scheme. Agromeliorativ measures have been offered by paying attention to all aforesaid for these soils improvement.

The motley mechanical structure of soda salt licks of the Ararat valley demands a special approach at calculations of necessary norms of a chemical ameliorant and washing water. The melioration of these soils used 1 % of sulfuric acid which brought in the soil on requirement of the maximum point therefore after melioration in different points and sites of the check took place ora nonmelioration, or on the contrary accumulation of new formed CaS04 and MgS04. The application of concentrated sulfuric acid for melioration gives the chance to bring sulfuric acid on each site differentially, thus to save 25-30 t/ha an ameliorant expense, to reduce the price of development of meliorated site and evenly to meliorate the check.

Dumps field on the degree of natural overgrowth techno-damaged land very clearly illustrated by the results of the biological productivity of plants involved in the natural development of damaged ecosystems and primarily reflect the initial process of soil formation and the role of vegetation in the development of technologically-damaged land. On the surface dumps natural overgrowth is uneven, mostly on the edge leveled surface dumps. Into natural areas overgrown dumps deposit "Zhanatas" also revealed initial signs of soil formation. In an area where natural overgrowth has the character of individual plants, the process of soil formation is almost absent or very weak. Identified plants of the Leguminosae family (Halimodendron halodendron [Pall] Voss), Compositae (Artemisia species), Ephedraceae (Ephedra) and a variety of cereals. The main representatives are mikrozoofauny microarthropods and Collembola. In the sections laid on the weak and overgrown dumps found isolated instances mikrozoofauny. The presence of representatives of the micro-and mesofauna in soil deposits Zhanatas gives reason to believe that, because of the scarcity of plant foods, hard climatic conditions of the initial process of soil formation in the dumps is inactive, slow.

Erosion process reduces the fertility of soils, worsening their agrochemical properties. Erosion recearch of soils of irrigation sites opens the qualitative party of development of this process. Therefore efforts of agricultural experts should be directed on preservation and improvement of the irrigated earths, by carrying out of a complex of antierosion actions.

Flood in the river channel is stockpiling moisture levels of 60-100 cm to 61,4 - 66,6 mm, while the terrace floodplain this figure fell to 29,4 - 32,3 mm.

A long and systematic application of mineral fertilizers, especially phosphorus, in crop rotations boost soil gross phosphorus contents. With the share of organic phosphorus in the irrigated Brown soils above the mineral phosphorus.

The results of micromorphological study of natural and irrigated meadow gray soils, shows their feature installed sings of degradation of the microstructure of arable and subsoil horizons of extended irrigation.