The article gives the characteristics of microstructure of meadow-mountain alpine and subalpine soils of Zailiskiy Alatau. The article defines the diagnostic signs and shows its distinguishing features.

The usual and southern chernozems were the object of investigation of North Kazakhstan. The last years results of morphogenetical indexes and properties are in the article. The regularity of their fertility reduction was determining. The present ecological condition of soils and the ways of soil fertility stabilization were determining.

The received data have allowed to reveal a role microartropodes as bioindicator polluted with the industry soils. The received data on specific structure microartropodes allow to count their rather convenient object for use with a view of monitoring polluted soils. General and dominant in all tests are collembols sorts: Palaeacarus, Zigoribatula, Sheloribates, Oppia, from oribatides: Onychiurus, Isotoma, Folsomia.

The distribution area of soils with different levels of water erosion was revealed as a result of soil-erosion survey, carried out on the irrigated dark-chestnut soils of Transili piedmonts. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of physical and chemical soil properties, transformation under the long-term irrigation were determined.

Soil degradation processes were studied on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea Erosion is one of the main factors of soil degradation Widespread erosion processes on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea form peculiar landscapes, accelerating anthropogenic desertification The sites mostly subjected to deflation were identified on the territory of shrinkage: the deflation of all solonchaks' types with the leaching of sandy-salt material and the degradation of sandy soils were determined Silty sands are mostly subjected to deflation Loamy sands are subjected to less degree. Heavy loamy sands, loams and days are weakly subjected to deflation

Consider first the regional or local processes of polution. High contents of zinc, cuprum, boron, cobalt was found in soils of natural zone. The technological pollution widespread in industrial districts. Desertification begins the moment when the degree and rate of anthropogenic influence on arid lands exceeds the reproducing ability of landscapes. To avoid the unfavorable effects of man on the unstabile arid ecosystems it is necessary to elaborate the effective measures of planned and scientific approach towards rational and proper technological exploitation of arid land natural resources.

Under the influence of the pulsing water-salt mode at a constant connection of a soil structure with close of the salting mineralization by earth waters as in undermountain and central part of the Hungry steppe of plain are formed gidromorphical of the ground in a various degree salted and gipsoils. The material describing these ground, the analyzed modern salt accumulation in the soilground and earth waters are one of the main degradation of the processes of region are and activization secondary salting are considered as result of rise mineralization of the earth waters.

In Western Kazakhstan it is possible to receive the spring wheat grain which meets the requirements of valuable wheat, and in some years it will be possible to receive more qualitative wheat. For this purpose it is necessary to use intensive grades, to apply preseeding fertilizers (notless than 15-20 of the given substances) and to make crop with optimum norm of seeds seeding (2,7 mln in hectare).

In the wooded zone of the North Kazakhstan for increasing the collection of seeds from the herbages of the alfalfa of 4 year old age should increases the productivity of seeds by 18 kg/hectare.