The priority directions of soil science development in the advanced countries are given in the article in dependence on the conditions of soil formation and use of soil resources. The problems of scientific conservation bases, reproduction of soil fertility development are considered. The current condition of soil cover in Kazakhstan, approach to the solution of soil fertility problems and basic tasks of priority scientific directions in fundamental researches of soil science in Kazakhstan are characterized.

The article deals with the priority issues concerning soil stability and biological productivity in the conditions of anthropogenesis and the problems of soil cover conservation.

The data on ecological situation in agroindustrial complex of Republic Kazakhstan, perspectives of agrochemical and agroecological science and the ways of integration with the CIS countries are given in the article.

The review is devoted to the problems of soils current condition in the world and soil cover in Republic Kazakhstan.

The basic factors of anthropogenic transformation of soils of different areas, processes,what be going on in soils as a result of their influence, are studied. The conducted researches showed that anthropogenic transformation of soils carried multifactor and complex character. A degree and forms of anthropogenic transformation of soils is differente for soils of mountain areas and foothill plains. The basic factor of transformation of foothill plains soils is their use under plough-land, including irrigated. Degradation of mountain soils is related mainly to the pasture loadings.

Hydrophobic and hydrophilous colloids have been determined under the examination of solonetz genesis. The composition, structure (electron-microscopic pictures, pictures on polarization microscope, X-ray structural analysis), molecular mass (hydrophilous colloids) have allowed to relate them to the class of EHMC. The examination of soil EHMC is the continuation of a new direction development in soil science on the inside soil formation of colloid-high molecular systems, i.e. uniform complex of x-ray crystal and x-ray amorphous compounds and, in the long run, synthesis of EHMC, representing a natural basis for the process of soil pedogenesis.

In this study we examined problems of the rational use of land resource of the Republic of Uzbekistan, provided analysis of the modern condition of the fertility of irrigated soils of sierozem and deserted zone. We presented possibility of the preservation and increasing of the fertility of irrigated soils and considered main reasons of the deterioration of the condition of land resources. We provided results of the studies, directed on development of agro technology for enrichment of soil by organic matter.

In article the brief characteristic of a soil cover and an estimation of a modem condition fertility soil the Southern - Kazakhstan area are resulted. It is established, that for last years as a result of extensive use soil their meliorative condition has worsened, has risen a level and a mineralization of subsoil waters, has increased the areas erozion soil, etc. negative processes. Offer a line of measures on restoration of fertility soil areas.

Modern soil researches involve either the solution of fundamental soil-ecological problems, development of theoretical bases for conservation and reproduction of soil fertility in Kazakhstan, or the applied ones - cadastral registration of lands, used for different agricultural needs, rational use of soil resources, development of an amelioration technology and methods for soil processes management on concrete objects of Kazakhstan.

In the given work the basic results of long-term researches of one of the major problems of agrochemistry - search of the most perfect methods of diagnostics of conditions of a soil nutrient and are submitted to development of receptions of purposeful management by fertility soil in view of the requirement of the cultivated cultures providing realization of its potential opportunities and reception of the greatest possible or planned crop in developing conditions of cultivation on soils of Northern Kazakhstan.

The researches showed that washing irrigations (1600-1800 m3/ha) are required in De-cember-January for the reduction of salinization in the irrigated light sierozems. Irrigation on weakly saline sites is effective at bloom and fruiting. High efficiency of the applied mineral fertilizers is observed under it.

Importance of fertility of soils is underlined in agroecology safety of country. A short analysis over of process of devastation and degradation of soils is brought on the factors of influence to the regions of Kazakhstan, the necessity of passing an act is grounded about saving and reproduction of fertility of soils.

The article deals with the problem of agrarian manufacture and rural way of life adaptation to the conditions of techno genesis, which is one of the most actual and simultaneously complex tasks in agricultural, biological, and medical science.

The effects of crude oil bituminous components on certain properties of gray brawn soils are considered. The geterogeneity of a soil profile has been shown to determine the character of functioning of this multicomponent pollutant (partial separation according to specific weight, viscosity, activity of interaction with the soil mass). It has been elucidated that the complex pattern of bituminous substances distribution in a soil profile depends on the mechanism of oil migration in the soil, on the inner properties of thees substances and, particulaly, on the presence of soil-geochemical barriers. The inflow of oil into soil alters the total content of organic carbon in the upper horizons of polluted soils.

The conditions of soil cover, peculiarities of relief and soil formation, chemical properties of the basic soil types, change of soil complexes large contours in the east part of the Aral Sea dried bottom were examined. There were given recommendations on the increase of these soils biological productivity.