The article presents the results of studies carried out in heavy loamy rice-boggy soils of the Akdala irrigated massif. It was found that more total and water-soluble humus was contained in heavy soils than in light soils. At the same time, it was revealed that in the rice-boggy soils of heavy texture along the layer and turnover of the alfalfa layer, the greatest amount of humus accumulated in all years of rotation. The humus content in autumn increased more than 3 times as compared to the original soil (in spring). The amount of water-soluble humus also varied in the phases of rice vegetation and increased at the end of the season. The content of the latter was also higher in heavy soils than in light soils. A completely different picture for the phases of rice vegetation is observed for the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, the amount of which at the end of the season is lower than at the beginning in all soils. At the same time, the largest amount of hydrolyzable nitrogen was contained in heavy soils according to the turnover of the alfalfa layer: 116 mg / kg in the 0 - 24 cm layer and 109 mg / kg in the 24 - 80 cm layer. By the end of the season, these indicators had almost halved to 86 mg / kg. and 50.4 mg / kg, respectively. In heavy soils, the content of nitrogen and humus is higher due to more favorable conditions for humus formation in them and the fixation of the bulk of humic substances with calcium and clay minerals, which corresponds to the results obtained by scientists given in the literature review above. Comparative characteristics of the nitrogen content over the years shows that its amount remains stable, no sharp changes in the direction of increase or decrease occur. Thus, the content of total and water-soluble humus, total and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is higher in heavy soils than in light ones: 1.34 %; 0.004 %; 0.125 %; 88.0 mg / kg, respectively. The most common humus was contained in the variants where the precursor was a 1.5 % turnover of the alfalfa bed. In the variants where the alfalfa layer was the predecessor, soils of heavy texture were more favorable.

This article presents the results of applying the efficiency and advantages of the method of leveling of irrigated moderately saline lands in the conditions of the Turkestan region. This article presents the results of applying the efficiency and advantages of the method of leveling of irrigated moderately saline lands in the conditions of the Turkestan region. The aim of the study is to determine the change in the properties of irrigated gray earth soils in the Turkestan region under the influence of laser leveling, as well as to develop solutions aimed at obtaining high and stable yields of the domestic cotton variety Maktaaral - 4017, by saving irrigation water, eliminating salt stains, and increasing soil fertility. According to the results of research work on the experimental field, the following advantages of this technology in comparison with the traditional method were revealed: saving irrigation water by 30 %, reducing soil salinity, uniform soil moisture, uniform seed germination, uniform emergence of seedlings; an increase in the yield of the domestic cotton variety Maktaaral-4017 by 3.7 c/ha, additional profit due to an increase in crop yields is 57.4 thousand tenge.
The presented technologies include practical developments aimed at more efficient use of water and land resources through laser leveling of irrigated saline lands. The main purpose of land leveling in agriculture is to eliminate the unevenness of the field surface, which makes it difficult to carry out irrigation and mechanized agrotechnical measures. The flat surface of the field ensures efficient use of irrigation water, its even distribution over the field and soil moisture, contributes to the uniform growth of crops due to the seeding of seeds and uniform application of fertilizers at the same depth and, consequently, further uniform growth of plants and obtaining a high yield.

Scientists of the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing conducted research to prevent the progressive soil density, based on the technology of basic soil cultivation, - deep loosening to a depth of 50-55 cm in order to destroy the plow sole and improve the agrophysical properties of the soil. The main purpose, which is the destruction of the plow sole of the soil. In the conditions of gray earth soils, carrying out the main cultivation to a depth of 40-50 cm, in combination with deep tillage to a depth of 50-55 cm, the bulk soil mass is formed within the optimal level and is 0-10 cm in the layer, 1.26 g / cm³, 10-20 cm - 1.28 and 20-30 cm - 1.29 g / cm³. The most loose soil structure is observed with longline plowing to a depth of 40 cm in combination with loosening the soil to a depth of 50-55 cm. The deepening and cultivation of the arable layer is one of the urgent tasks of agriculture. The optimal arable layer allows accumulating more moisture, organic matter, increasing the zone of active activity of soil microorganisms, the availability of nutrients and agrophysical conditions.

The article summarizes the main agrochemical parameters in the light-chestnut soil of experimental field of Gobustan Regional Experimental Station situated in the territory of the cadastral district of Mountainous-Shirvan, on the southeast slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountains Range in Azerbaijan have been determined. The precipitation, which is the main limiting factor in rainfed regions,was quantified for the 2016-2019 vegetation years. The values of pH in the plowing layer (0-25 sm) was found to range between 8.1-8.4 (25-50 cm), and 8.7-8.8 (50-70 cm). So the plowing layer had weak and lower layers had strong alkaline properties. The soil contains carbonates. The fields of Gobustan RES (Maraza area) are of medium quality soils. Total humus ranged from 2.23 % to 2.29 % in the plowing layer and decreased in the lower layers. Total nitrogen at the depth of 0-25 cm was 0.165 %-0.179 %, which decreased in the lower layers. The analysis shows that the average amount (in 4 years) of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen at a depth of 0-25 cm varied between 45-74 mg per 1 kg soil, 25-31 mg at a depth of 25-50 cm and 13-17 mg at a depth of 50-70 cm. The total phosphorus content at 0–25 cm depth ranged from 0.18 % to 0.12 5 %, depending on the years of the study, and gradually decreased in the lower layers.The amount of active phosphorus was 30.4-33 mg/kg at a depth of 0-25 cm during 4 years, and amount of variable potassium was 269-292 mg/kg, which gradually decreased in the lower layers. Dynamics of phosphorus and potassium in soil was determined in relation to the growth stages, sowing and fertilizer rates of the “Jalilabad 19”barley variety.

The main agrochemical indicators of the experimental field in the LankaranAstara region having dark gray soils have been presented in the article. The results of the analysis showed that the pH in the tillage layer of the experimental field is 6.12-5.87, in the lower layers, this figure ranged from 5.98 to 6.20. That is, the area has a weakly acidic property. There is no carbonation here as the pH of the experimental field soils is below 6.5. The experimental lands in the Lankaran-Astara region are considered to be of good quality. Because the amount of humus is 3.03-3.14 % in the tillage layer, and 1.63-1.73 % and 1.05-1.06 % in the lower layers. At a depth of 0-30 cm of the analyzed soils, the amount of mobile phosphorus (P₂O₅) varied on average from 30.9 to 34.1 mg per 1 kg of soil, and the exchangeable potassium varied between 317 and 327 mg. The field is moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The key causesof the change in the biomorpholoical indicators and yield structural elements of the rice variety "Hashimi" depending on the cultivation factors have been given. Experiments with the “Hashimi” rice variety in the dark-gray soils of the Lankaran-Astara region showed that the biomorhpoıogical indicators and yield structural elements of the plant changed depending on the planting time, and seedling and fertilizer rates. The results obtained with variants planted in the 1^st and third decade of May were slightly different. The highest indicator were obtained in the first decade of May, at the rate of 1.7 million seedlings per hectare and nutrition condition N₁₂₀P₈₀K₆₀. A high correlation between the yield structural elements of unfertilized variants has been detected.

In the conditions of the farm "Zamira Banu sakhovati" in the Bulakbashi district of the Andijan region, production tests of organic humic fertilizer Tumat were carried out in the cultivation of winter wheat. In the article, on the basis of agrochemical data, cartographic materials on the main indicators of soil fertility are presented. In the course of research, a positive effect was revealed in the pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with Tumat and spraying vegetative plants in phase 3-5 and 6-7 of the leaf with tumat, where the yield increases averaged 87 %. The results obtained show that the agromelioration technologies used increase the stress resistance of the culture, and an increase in the mass of roots indicates a high phytomelioration efficiency of agricultural techniques. Innovative nanotechnology of extraction of brown coal and sapropel allows to obtain organic fertilizer Tumat, containing a wide range of macro and microelements, humic acids, fulvo acids, vitamins and enzymes, which is not in the composition of mineral fertilizers. The use of fertilizer has an impact on soil properties, growth, development and productivity of cereals.

The results of studies on the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of spring soft wheat in the grain–steam crop rotation with traditional tillage technology obtained on southern carbonate chernozem in A. I. Barayev NPCKH LLP for 2018–2020 are presented. A comparative analysis of the meteorological conditions of the growing season of the studied years, which affect the moisture accumulation and the content of nutrients in the soil, is given. It is shown that over the years of observations, the maximum content of productive moisture before sowing wheat on the pair of the donnik layer was observed in 2018 – 142 mm, the minimum in 2020 – 118 mm. According to the pair of the granary formation, the largest amount of productive moisture was noted in 2020 – 124 mm, and the smallest in 2019 – 102 mm. The maximum average yield of spring wheat was obtained in the variant of applying ammophos at a dose of P40 for the donnik layer – 24.6 c/ha (profitability – 117 %), which is 3,3 c/ha significantly higher than the same variant for the granary layer. The additional application of nitrogen fertilizers, both for the donnik and for the granary, was not effective.