The article presents the results of research carried out in the soils of the rice fields of the Akdala irrigated massif. It was found that more total and water-soluble humus was contained in the turnover of the alfalfa bed than in the bed. This is also the case for easily hydrolysable nitrogen. Determination of the total and water-soluble humus showed that the total humus was most of all in the fields where the precursor was the turnover of the alfalfa layer - 1.4 %. Comparative characteristics of the total nitrogen content over the years shows that its amount remains stable, no sharp changes in the direction of increase or decrease occur.
The crop rotation used in JSC "Birlik" mainly contributes to the maintenance of the natural fertility of the soils of this farm. The optimal level of fertility of a particular soil, as you know, is determined by such a combination of its main properties and indicators, at which all vital factors for plants can be used most fully and the possibilities of cultivated crops can be realized. As our studies have shown, in order to achieve such a combination of properties and indicators, it is not enough to observe crop rotation in crop rotation fields alone. Considerable attention should be paid to increasing the most important indicator of potential soil fertility - the content of humus in them. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a number of agrotechnical and other measures that contribute to the weighting of the mechanical composition of light soils, to achieve the content of mobile nitrogen compounds close to the optimal for rice plants. It is necessary to find ways to increase the biological activity of takyr-like soils, optimize the most agronomically valuable soil properties using various methods and techniques for regulating its fertility.

The article presents the results of long-term reclamation of meadow meadow solonchaks of the Ili Alatau and soil water-salt changes, mineralization of trace water. Using the methods of equilibrium and statistical analysis and control of research and forecasts, the peculiarities of the formation of water-salt and nutrient phenomena of reclamated soils were studied, the dependence of individual reclamation indicators and the impact on soil formation reclamation was determined. The impact of the environmental effectiveness of agro-ameliorative measures on the process of soil formation was identified and scientifically substantiated.
At present, it is necessary to include regular engineering and reclamation monitoring, ie systems of permanent control, including optimal reclamation and environmental protection, assessment and forecasting of environmental conditions of reclamated lands.

The study of the formation of the biomass of invertebrate animals inhabiting the drysteppe zone of Azerbaijan is an important and necessary criterion for determining their biocenotic role. The energy estimate of the biomass of invertebrate animals in gray-brown and blackearth soil is a bioenergetic indicator characterizing the participation of individual groups of pedobionts in the transformation of energy and the geochemical cycle of substances. Studies have shown that the total energy accumulated in the biomass of invertebrate animals in fused chernozems of the natural cenosis under grassy vegetation was 1197, 10 cal/m². On the agrocenosis of alfalfa, the energy indicators increase to 2915, 31 cal/m². In the biomass of invertebrate animals, gray-brown soils of the natural cenosis under the wormwood-ephemeral community, 3166.91 calories/ m² of energy were accumulated. On the agrocenosis of alfalfa, the energy index of invertebrate biomass is significantly increased to 6598, 30 cal / m² compared to the same price of the previous soil. Unlike gray-brown soils, the merged chernozem horizon negatively affects the qualitative composition of invertebrate animals and their energy indices.

The article presents the results of work obtained on the saline soils of the Kenzhegara and Bakyrambek farms of the Shaulder massif of the Turkestan region using innovative technology on saline soils. Technology was introduced on 20 hectares of irrigated soils with the support of FAO under the agreement on the project “Integrated management of natural resources in droughtprone and saline agricultural production landscapes in Central Asia and Turkey (CACILM-2)”. This FAO-GEF project is multi-country and its main goal is to widely disseminate and scale up the best technologies and approaches for integrated natural resource management in arid and saline areas of Central Asia and Turkey. The practical implementation of the program was carried out by us to solve the problem of obtaining a harvest of corn on saline irrigated soils. We have compiled maps of soil salinization of 2 peasant farms to a depth of 0-20, 20-50 and 50-100 cm at the beginning of implementation and at the end. It was found that when using this technology, 70.8 % of the soils of the Kenzhegara farm passed into the category of non-saline, and the corn yield increased by 25.5 % and the increase averaged 23.3 c / ha.
The same pattern is observed in the soils of the Bakyrambek farm, where 100 % of the soils became non-saline after the introduction of innovative technology, and the yield increased by 33.1 %. The economic efficiency of innovative technology in the Kenzhegara farm amounted to 127.8 thousand tenge / ha, and in the Bakyrambek farm 124.3 thousand tenge / ha.

Most of the lands previously drained in the Ryazan Meshchera need restoration due to the development of degradation processes. This is possible by the technology implementation of new fertilizing ameliorants application into the peat soil. The authors have developed a new fertilizer ameliorant based on goat manure with the addition of municipal sewage sludge, chopped straw and Baikal EM-1 agent in an environmentally friendly ratio. Investigations were carried out in an inlet experiment set up at the lysimetric station in Polkovo, Ryazan District, according to the generally accepted technique with a scheme for the application of a fertilizer ameliorant in different doses. A vegetative experiment in vessels, carried out to study the effectiveness of a new fertilizer ameliorant goat-based manure on soil and plants, showed the following results: an increase in the concentration of nitrogen in total, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium by 1.0-2.7 %, 0.3-0.7 % and 0.01-0.02 % compared to the control; an increase in the height of barley plants by 7.5-1.5 % in comparison with the control; an increase in the total protein content in barley grain was accompanied by a decrease in low-molecular-weight fractions and the dominance of high-molecular ones due to an increase in hordein by 3.5- 6,0 % compared to the control; the concentration of heavy metals in soil, straw and grain did not exceed the sanitary standard; the content of pathogenic microflora and helminth eggs in the soil was not found. Option 3 is considered the most optimal from the agronomic point of view - the application of a fertilizer ameliorant of 15 t/ha.

Pesticides have been used all over the world since the mid-twentieth century to protect cereals and their derivatives in agriculture from pests, insects and fungi. The release of pesticides into the environment makes up a fraction of one percent of the total amount of chemical pollutants, but given that these compounds are aimed at suppressing certain groups of organisms, pesticides and their transformation products have a toxic effect on various forms of biota and on human health when ingested with vegetables and fruits, including from their surface, if they are poorly washed. And also, from cereals, as they can be absorbed into them from the soil. There are no safe pesticides, even when used in small quantities, they can cause various allergic reactions and poisoning. In the production of agricultural products, approved pesticides are used, but this does not negate the fact that long-term use of the drug can have negative consequences. Therefore, constant monitoring of the residual amount of pesticides in these products reduces the risk to human health and the environment. Hence, there is a need for efficient, rapid and cost-effective methods for the determination of pesticide residues. The article reflects the methods of sample preparation in the analysis of pesticides in grain crops, as well as features of the method of solid-phase micro extraction of one of the methods of environmental, green chemistry in the preparation of samples.

The article examines the ethnogeographic features of the distribution of the Karabakh steppe’s soils. Some typical data of regional soils on their morphogenetic parameters and relationships with climatic and abiotic factors are presented. Azerbaijan possesses 9 out of 11 world climatic zones, which are characterized by the development of unique and endemic soil types, which are the material value (gene pools) of the country. Studies of soil scientists, archaeologists, ethnographers prove that Azerbaijan is one of the centers of human civilization. The soils of the Karabakh steppe develop in arid subtropical conditions, therefore, a comparative analysis of the soil formation of gray-brown, meadow-serozem and serozem soils under specific plant formations is carried out. The history of the development of the soils of the Karabakh steppe is characterized, which is inextricably linked with the history of the development of the Kura-Araks lowland. The stages of the historical chronicle of the Kura-Araks lowland consistently cover the times of the Upper Sarmatian, the beginning and middle of the Anthropogen, the pre-Khvalynian time and the beginning of the Quaternary period. It was at this time that the Kura-Araks lowland and the Karabakh steppe were actively formed in relief, the upper layer of grounds and soils. At this time, the Azerbaijani ethnos is developing comprehensively with its original ethnoculture.