ЗЕЛЕНЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ АНАЛИЗА ПЕСТИЦИДОВ В ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУРАХ: ОБЗОР

Пестициды используются во всем мире, начиная с середины XX века, для производства зерновых культур и их производных в сельском хозяйстве. Многие пестициды, особенно фунгициды и инсектициды, используются для предотвращения различных заболевании и повышения урожайности во время созревания. Поступление пестицидов в окружающую среду составляет долю одного процента от общего количества химических загрязнителей, но, учитывая, что эти соединения нацелены на подавление определенных групп организмов, пестициды и продукты их трансформации оказывают токсическое воздействие на здоровье человека, попадая в организм с овощами и фруктами, в том числе с их поверхности, если плоды плохо вымыты и на различные формы биоты. А также, из злаков, так как они могут всасываться в них из почвы. Безопасных пестицидов не существует, даже при использовании в малых количествах они могут вызывать различные аллергические реакции и отравления. При производстве сельскохозяйственной продукции используются одобренные пестициды, но это не отменяет того факта, что у длительного использования препарата могут быть негативные последствия. Следовательно, постоянный мониторинг остаточного количества пестицидов в этих продуктах снижает риск для здоровья человека и окружающей среды. Поэтому необходимы эффективные, экспрессные и экономически выгодные методики определения остаточных количеств пестицидов. В статье отражены методы подготовки проб при анализе пестицидов в зерновых культурах, а также особенности метода твердофазной микроэкстракции одной из методов экологической, зеленой химии при подготовке проб.

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