The article presents the results of surveys of several types of vertical zoning soils in the foothills of the Ili Alatau. It is shown that in the process of agricultural use indicators of soil fertility (black, light, dark chestnut) foothill zone of the ili Alatau (particle size distribution, content of humus, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, mobile forms, carbonates) are the notable changes compared to virgin counterparts, especially in the upper layers. The results of the studies showed that the use of dark chestnut soils for a long time led to a noticeable decrease in the main indicator of fertility – humus on arable land of 1,04 % compared to virgin analogues, and on chernozem soils this indicator on arable land compared to virgin analogues was reduced to 1,47 %. In the studied soils, the composition of the absorbed bases is dominated by Ca and Mg cations. In dark chestnut soil in the upper layers of arable land, the share of Ca is 80,6 %, and Mg is 16,1 %, in natural conditions (virgin land) in the upper layers, their share is 77,5 % and 17,0 %, respectively. Even more Ca in the composition of absorbed bases in mountain chernozem, where in the conditions of arable land in the upper layer its content was 92 %, and Mg 5,3 %, in the conditions of virgin land the content of Ca and Mg varied 83,6 and 12,1 %, respectively. With depth, the fraction of the Ca cation gradually decreases, and the fraction of the Mg cation increases.

The article discusses the current state of the pasture lands in Kazakhstan, the concept of their rational use. About how the pastures of the forest-steppe and steppe, dry-steppe and semidesert zones of the republic are used today. The latest scientific developments in the country on the problem of pastures, international experience in the use of pastures, and the main problems are noted. Kazakhstan's pastures are the most important republican and global resource. The problem of developing the main elements of the rational use of pastures and the practical reflection of their effectiveness, the development of scientific foundations for the development of pastures using GIS technologies, which generally contributes to the strengthening and expansion of agricultural production, is relevant today. The introduction of research results into production is a great basis in the development of animal husbandry in the republic for the effective use of pasture lands, their restoration and improvement.

The article presents the results obtained in the rice fields of the «Tonkerys – K» farm in the Shieli district of the Kyzylorda region using a differentiated system of reclamation of saline soils a new technology for increasing the fertility of saline soils (NTOZ-2). The introduced technologies on 20 hectares were carried out with the support of FAO within the framework of «Integrated Natural Resources Management in Central Asia and Turkey (CACILM-2)». The main goal of this multi-country FAO-GEF project is to widely disseminate and scale up best technologies and approaches for integrated natural resource management in the dry and saline areas of Central Asia and Turkey. The practical implementation of the program consisted in solving the problem of obtaining a harvest of agricultural crops on saline irrigated soils. The maps of soil salinization of peasant farms to a depth of 0-20, 20-50 and 50-100 cm were compiled at the beginning of implementation and at the end. It was found that this technology led to a decrease in soil salinity: the area of a moderately and highly saline soils decreased, and by 6.1 % of the area, the soil became non-saline. As a result, the yield of rice per 20 hectares of this peasant farm increased by 28.7 %. Net profit from the introduction of the technology amounted to 57430 tenge / ha.

Extensive use of the fertility of irrigated soils during the transition period, especially the unsatisfactory condition of irrigation and collector-drainage networks, the non-compliance of their technical parameters with the design standards, led to a sharp deterioration of the soilreclamation conditions of irrigated massifs. Thus, the problem of deterioration of the reclamation state of the soils of irrigated massifs is an urgent problem today, and their solution is one of the priority tasks of soil and biological science. In connection with these circumstances, a technology is proposed that allows you to increase the fertility of saline soils and crop yields in an unfavorable reclamation situation. The article presents the results of the application of a biological product for maize culture in the form of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatments. The data of phenological observations of the plant growth and the number of corn cobs, depending on the applied biological product, are presented. The studied methods of cultivation had different effects on biometric indicators and some elements of the crop structure. In the years of research using biological product marked increase in linear growth of plants, the average height was 238 cm, which is 36.3 cm longer than without the use of a biological product. The use of innovative technology to increase the fertility of saline soils allowed the farms of the Shaulder irrigation massif to increase the yield of corn on saline soils. Depending on the degree of soil salinity, the yield of corn for grain increased on unsalted soils to 40.0 % (110,2 c/ha) compared to the control variant of 71.1 c/ha. In weak and medium - saline soils - 81.2-83.9 c/ha compared to the control (62.5-63.5 c/ha), the increase was 30.0-32.1 %, respectively. In highly saline soils, the increase in the yield of corn for grain was 11.4 % (53,4 c/ha), with the yield on the control – 47.1 c / ha.

To ensure the rational use of soils, it is necessary to carry out reclamation measures, improve the reclamation state of irrigated soils, and prevent secondary salinization. As a result of oil production in Azerbaijan, soil pollution has become widespread. To restore 10,000 hectares of oil-contaminated soils, active reclamation measures are required. The situation on the Absheron Peninsula is more critical, since as a result of not taking environmental measures, vast areas of oil-polluted lands have formed, which, when inventoried and mapped, are shown as oil-polluted lands. These oil-contaminated areas differ in the thickness and depth of occurrence of oil products. Soil bitumization also occurs during gushing and oil spills as a result of extraction. To study the resistance of plants (Wild Pomegranate and Sezalpinia) to crude oil, experiments were carried out on reclaimed gray-brown sandy loam soils of the Absheron Peninsula, artificially contaminated with it. As a result of the data obtained, it was established that the development of the Wild Pomegranate on the Apsheron Peninsula, contaminated with oil products, is weak, and the yield is low. Positive results cannot be obtained on soils with separate percentages of contamination. Also, during the experiment, it was revealed that the plants of Sezalpinia are characteristic of the soils of this peninsula and they can be grown on soils contaminated with oil up to 5 %.

At present, in all regions of Kazakhstan, there is a decrease in soil fertility, a decrease in the content of organic matter and basic nutrients, the development of salinization processes and a deterioration in the soil reclamation state of soils. This is primarily due to a decrease in the use of organic and mineral fertilizers, failure to comply with science-based crop rotations. The development and implementation of biological techniques that improve the agromeliorative state of irrigated lands is an urgent direction in the development of agriculture. The possibility of using biological products with a complex effect and the ability to stimulate plant growth is being actively studied. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of seed treatment and foliar feeding with humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» on the quality indicators of winter wheat grain. The grain quality of winter wheat was determined according to Gosstandart 9353-90. Biochemical indicators of winter wheat grain quality: protein, starch, gluten, gluten in flour and gluten index. Field studies were carried out in 2018-2020. on the experimental fields «Agropark Ontustik» in the Karasai district of the Almaty region. The object of the research is light chestnut soils, winter wheat cultivar «Steklovidnaya 24». Presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a solution of liquid humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» increases stress resistance and germination of seeds. Double foliar feeding of winter wheat plants enhanced the growth and development of plants, increased the weight of 1000 seeds, grain yield by 36-49 %, compared with the control option (2.29 t/ha). Humic fertilization had a significant impact on the quality indicators of grain. The amount of protein in grain in the control variant was 13.6 %, and in the variant with the use of «BioEcoGum», an increase of 2.1 % was noted. According to our data, seed treatment and spraying of winter wheat plants slightly reduced the starch content in the grain to 56.6 %, and also contributed to a decrease in the gluten index in the grain by 14 %. Based on the results of the production tests carried out, the liquid humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» is recommended for widespread introduction in the southern regions of Kazakhstan in the cultivation of grain crops.

The negative effects of climate change in agriculture are already felt in the form of reduced yields and more frequent extreme weather events affecting both crops and livestock. It will require a significant investment in adaptation to maintain the current crop and the necessary increase in production, as the most threatened sector of the economy. The review article examined the adaptation of the priority areas of research in agriculture to climate change in Kazakhstan. It includes the optimal organization of the territory based on the identification of landscapeecological ties, resource-saving technologies, economic efficiency and environmentally friendly modern farming systems, the creation of varieties with specified productivity and quality parameters with full realization of the genetic potential of plants and other consequences.