Impact of the use of biological preparations «Tumat» and «Bioecohum» on soil fertility and rice yield

The article presents the results of testing the biopreparations «Tumat» and «BioEkoHum» for fertility and productivity of rice-marsh soils of the Akdala irrigation array of the Balkhash district of the Almaty region. It was established that the fertility of the original soil according to the existing agrochemical gradations was characterized by an alkaline reaction of the environment, a very low supply of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen was average. The content of organic matter was at the level of 1.1 %. At the same time, fluctuations in agrochemical parameters in the experimental plots were significant. So, for organic matter, the extreme values were 0.7÷1.3 %, for easily hydrolysable nitrogen 36.4÷75.6 %, for phosphorus content - 8÷14 and potassium - 70÷160 mg/kg of soil.It was revealed that the introduction of «Tumat» into the soil + sowing with rice seeds treated by them had a positive effect on the stabilization of the humus state, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the tillering phase. Due to the change in the redox environment, the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen in this phase decreased in all variants of the experiment, since the dynamics of nitrogen content is determined by the transformation of nitrogen compounds and their consumption. In the next phases of rice development, bioameliorants contributed to an increase in effective fertility, positively influencing the content of mobile mineral forms of nitrogen. Apparently, these are very promising options in terms of maintaining soil fertility. For all variants of the experiment, there is a slight increase in the mobile form of phosphorus, and the content of exchangeable potassium decreased compared to their content in the tillering phase. As the obtained data on the biological yield showed, the largest increase was obtained in option 4 with the introduction of «Tumat» into the soil + planting of rice seeds untreated with this biomeliorant - 30.3 c/ha (36.1 %), when sowing the seeds treated with it, the increase was 30.6 %. An increase of 9 q/ha (25 %) and 7 q/ha (19.4 %) was obtained in the variants with planting seeds treated with «BioEcoHum», and planting them when it was introduced into the soil, respectively.

1. Krasnoyarova, B. A. Agrarnoe prirodopolzovanie v regionalnoj sisteme// Regionalnye problemy geografii: tr. HI sezda RGO. – T. 2. – SPb, 2000. – S. 18-23.

2. Larionov Yu.S. Zakon plodorodiya pochv– osnova novoj paradigmy selskohozyajstvennogo proizvodstva// Vestnik SGUGiT.- Vyp. 4 (32), 2015. – S. 120-133.

3. Kurdyumov N. I.Masterstvo plodorodiya.–Rostov n/D.: Izd. dom «Vladis», 2007. –512 s.

4. Dobrovolsky G. V., Nikitin Ye. D. Funktsii pochv v biosfere i ekosistemakh. – M.: Nauka, 1990. – 261 s.

5. Zhukov A. I., Popov P. D. Regulirovaniye balansa gumusa v pochve. – M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1988. – 40 s.

6. Obshchesoyuznaya instruktsiya po pochvennym obsledovaniyam i sostavleniyu krupnomas-shtabnykh pochvennykh kart zemlepolzovaniya. – M.: «Kolos», 1973. - 95 s.

7. Rukovodstvo po provedeniyu krupnomasshtabnogo pochvennogo obsledovaniya v Kazakhskoy SSR. -Alma-Ata, 1979. - 137 s.

8. Arinushkina Ye.P. Rukovodstvo po khimicheskomu analizu pochv. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1977. - 489 s.

9. Bazilevich N.I., Pankova Ye.I. Opyt klassifikatsii po zasoleniyu// Pochvovedeniye, 1968. - №11. - S. 3-16.

10. Pankova Ye.I. Otsenka zasoleniya i opyt sostavleniya krupnomasshtabnykh kart zaso-leniya pochv (Na primere Dzhizakskoj stepi).// Byulleten pochvennogo Instituta im. V.V. Dokuchayeva. – 1972. - №5. – S. 41-51.

11. Korniyenko V.A., Korobkin V.A. K voprosu sostavleniya kart zasolennosti// Vestnik AN Kaz. SSR.1976, № 1, S. 54-56

12. Vremennye metodicheskiye ukazaniya po provedeniyu pochvennomeliorativnykh izys-kany, sostavleniyu proyektno-smetnoy dokumentatsii i melioratsii solontsevatykh i sodovoza-solennykh oroshayemykh pochv Kazakhskoy SSR. Alma-Ata, 1985, - 83 s.

13. Dmitriyev Ye.A. Matematicheskaya statistika v pochvovedenii. – M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1995. – 320 s.

14. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta. – M.: Izd-vo «Kolos», 1979. – 416 s.

15. Savich V.I. Primeneniye variatsionnoy statistiki v pochvovedenii. Uchebnometodicheskoye posobiye. – M.: Izd-vo TSKhA, 1972. – 103 s.

16. Volf V.G. Statisticheskaya obrabotka opytnykh dannykh. – M.: Izd-vo «Kolos», 1966. – 255 s.

17. Yeleshev R.E., Ramazanova S.B., Smagulov T.S. Tyn aıtqysh qoldany ju ıesi pa ni boıynsha ky rstyq jumys. Metodıkalyq ny sqay . - Almaty. 1999. - 64 s.

18. Seytmenbetova A.T., Suleymenov B.U., Nysanbayeva A.A. Vliyaniye udobreny «BioEkoGum» i «Tumat» na mikrofloru svetlo-kashtanovoy pochvy pri vozdelyvanii soi i saflora//Pochvovedeniye i agrokhimiya. 2022. № 1 (mart). – S. 40-51.

19. Sheudzhen, A.Kh. Agrokhimiya i fiziologiya pitaniya risa// A.Kh. Sheudzhen. – Maykop: Adygeya, 2005. – 1012 s.

20. Smirnova N.N. Udobreniye risa. M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1978.- 64 s.

21. Likhochvor V.V. Produktivnost i struktura urozhaya ozimoy pshenitsy/V.V. Likho-chvor// Zerno. – 2008. – №7. – S. 24-28.

22. Sharma R.S., Choubey S.D. Correlation studies in upland rice// Indian J. Agron., 1985. – 30(1). – P. 87-88.

23. Prasad G.S.V. Genetic relationship among yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) / G.S.V. Prasad, A.S.R. Prasad, M.V.S. Sastry et al.// Indian J. Agric. Sci. – 1988. – 58(6). – P.470-472.

24. Bai N.R. Correlation of yield and yield components in medium duration rice cultivars / N.R. Bai, R. Devika, A. Regina et al.// Environ. Ecol. – 1992. – 10. – P. 469-470.

25. Akinwale M.G. Heritability and correlation coefficient analysis for yield and its com-ponents in rice (Oryza sativa L.) / M.G. Akinwale, G. Gregorio, F. Nwilene et al.// African Journal of Plant Science. – 2011. – 5(3). – P. 207-212.

26. Elektronnyj resurs. Rezhim dostupa: https://russian.eurasianet.org, svobodnyj.

27. Aleshin Ye. P., Konokhova V. P., Kratky spravochnik risovoda. M.: Agropromiz-dat,1986.-253 s.

28. Gushchin, G.G. Ris. – Reprint izd. – Krasnodar, 2011. – 831 s.

29. Yerygin P.S. Fiziologiya risa. M.: Kolos, 1981. – 208 s.

30. Alekseyenko F.A., Bezridny A.S., Vladimirov A.S. Vliyaniye rezhimov orosheniya i stepeni splanirovannosti cheka na urozhaynost risa// Mezhdunarodny nauchny zhurnal «Simvol nauki». -2016. - №4. – S. 54-56.