Роль биоцементации в решении проблем стабилизации почв и секвестрации углерода

Микробиологическое осаждение карбонатов (МОК) представляет собой экологически чистую и перспективную технологию для укрепления грунтов, основанную на активности микроорганизмов, таких как Sporosarcina pasteurii, которые способствуют осаждению карбонатов кальция. Этот процесс включает биологическое взаимодействие бактерий с химическими веществами, такими как мочевина и ионы кальция, что приводит к образованию кальцитовых отложений, которые укрепляют структуру грунта, повышая ее прочность, снижая проницаемость и увеличивая устойчивость к эрозии. В статье рассматриваются виды и механизмы биоцементации, а также ключевые факторы, влияющие на эффективность МОК, включая выбор микроорганизмов, условия среды и состав грунта. Описываются методы оптимизации биоцементации для достижения максимальной эффективности, а также рассматриваются различные области применения технологии, такие как улучшение песчаных и слабых глинистых грунтов. Особое внимание уделяется экологическим аспектам, в частности, применению МОК для секвестрации углерода, что способствует долговременному захоронению углерода в почвах и помогает в борьбе с изменением климата. В заключение обсуждаются перспективы дальнейших исследований и возможные направления для расширения применения этой технологии в строительстве и геотехнике.

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