Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry

Considering that a soil genofund of Azerbaijan on presence of various types (mountain-meadow, mountain-meadow-steppe, mountain-forest yellow earth, mountain-forest brown, mountain-forest brown, meadow-steppe, grey-brown, grey earth and meadow-grey earth, etc.) with the morphological, physical and chemical and biological features as it is known are formulated. The protection of these unique natural resources is relevant for soil scientists in Azerbaijan. The aim of the research - to study virgin and anthropogenically modified individual types of soils, to identify changes that have arisen in the genetic horizons associated with agrocenoses. The deluvial deposits are characteristic of foothill zones. According to the granulometric composition is gravel- clayey -loamy, high-carbonate. The ratio of physical sand [>0.01 mm] to physical clay [<0.01 mm] is 0.6. Proluvial deposits are adapted to the lower part of the apron. According to the granulometric composition - medium and heavy loamy, carbonate. Characterized by a higher sand fraction (41.2 ± 0.55%), the ratio of physical sand to physical clay-1.9. In the meter-thick layer of irrigated soils, the granulometric composition is slightly loamy, the content of the silt fraction -28.3±1.08–31.8±0.83%, physical clay – 63.0±1.8–65±1.1. This is 4–6% (dry steppe zone) and –3.5% (semi-desert zone), respectively. Depending on the nature of the irrigation relief, a comparative increase in clayey (4.7%) and light clayey (5.2%) granulometric composition is observed in irrigated soils. In the granulometric composition changes between the light loamy, and light clayey (20.6%) mode (57.7%) in the virgin meadow-grey soils, then it becomes from irrigative loamy to heavy clayey (mode 60.6%). An upper part of profile is considerably humificated:1.19 g/cm³ – changing coefficient is 6.88% (dry-steppe zone) and 1.30 g/cm³– changing coefficient is 3.78% (semi-desert). The virgin zonal soils of arid subtropics are rich in humus. An average statistical quantity of humus in 0 – 25 cm layer is 2.5 – 2.8% in the dry-steppe, 1.6 – 2.0% - in the semi-desert zones. Humus gradually rises (newly irrigated--->irrigated--->ancient--->irrigated) in the process of collecting agro-irrigation reserves, formation of reserve organic matter in the soil.

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