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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz65</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Почвоведение и агрохимия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soil Science and Agrichemistry</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-740X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-3433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51886/1999-740X_2025_3_5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz65-1028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ПОЧВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOIL GEOGRAPHY AND GENESIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>По вопросу об охране генофонда почв Азербайджана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7317-9143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаев</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babayev</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>1073, Баку, ул. М. Рагима 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Babayev Maharram Pirverdi - chairman of the laboratory of genesis, geography and cartography of soils, doctor of agricultural sciences, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, professor.</p><p>5 M. Rahima Str., Baku 1073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maharram-babayev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-4799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанова</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanova</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>1073, Баку, ул. М. Рагима 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramazanova Firoza Mukhurovna - leading researcher of laboratory of soil genesis, geography and mapping, candidate of agricultural sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of Soil Science, Plant Growing.</p><p>5 M. Rahima Str., Baku 1073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">firoza.ramazanova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4985-5060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирза-заде</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzazade</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>1073, Баку, ул. М. Рагима 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mirzazade Rena Islam - leading researcher of laboratory of soil genesis, geography and mapping, candidate of agricultural sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of Soil Science.</p><p>5 M. Rahima Str., Baku 1073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narmin.i.aslanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Министерство Науки и Образования Республики Азербайджан, Институт Почвоведения и Агрохимии<country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry<country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабаев М.П., Рамазанова Ф.М., Мирза-заде Р.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабаев М.П., Рамазанова Ф.М., Мирза-заде Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babayev M.P., Ramazanova F.M., Mirzazade R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1028">https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1028</self-uri><abstract><p>Генофонд почв Азербайджана состоит из различных типов (горно-луговые, горно-лугово-степные, горнолесные желтоземы, горнолесные бурые, горнолесные бурые, лугово-степные, серо-бурые, сероземы и лугово-сероземы и т.д.) со своими индивидуальными морфологическими, физико-химическими и биологическими свойствами. Установлено, что делювиальные отложения адаптированы к предгорным зонам. По гранулометрическому составу - гравийно-глинисто-суглинистые, высококарбонатные. В гранулометрическом составе преобладают пылеватые фракции, соотношение физического песка [&gt;0,01 мм] к физической глине [&lt;0,01 мм] - 0,6. Пролювиальные отложения адаптированы к нижней части шлейфа. По гранулометрическому составу - средне- и тяжелосуглинистые, карбонатные. Аллювиальные отложения развиты в долинах рек, на древних конусах выноса речных пойм. Характеризуются более высоким содержанием песчаной фракции (41,2±0,55%), соотношение физического песка к физической глине -1,9. Статистический анализ основных морфологических показателей генетических слоев профиля почв показал скорость изменения профиля в процессе обработки почвы. Длительное и систематическое орошение является причиной резкого изменения агрофизических свойств зональных почв. В метровом слое орошаемых почв гранулометрический состав - слабосуглинистый, содержание илистой фракции составляет 28,3±1,08–31,8±0,83%, физической глины – 63,0±1,8–65±1,1. Это соответствует 4–6% (сухостепная зона) и – 3,5% (полупустынная зона), что выше, чем в целинных зональных почвах. В зависимости от характера ирригационного рельефа в орошаемых почвах наблюдается увеличение глинистого (4,7% всех случаев) и легкоглинистого (5,2%) гранулометрического состава. В целинных лугово-серых почвах гранулометрический состав меняется от легкосуглинистого (3,3 во всех случаях) до легкоглинистого (20,6) (57,7%), затем от ирригационного - суглинистого (3,1%) до тяжёлого глинистого (2,4%) (60,6%). Верхняя часть профиля целинных почв значительно гумифицирована и плотность во всех случаях низкая: 1,19 г/см3 – коэффициент изменения 6,88% (сухостепная зона) и 1,30 г/см3 – коэффициент изменения 3,78% (полупустынная зона). Целинные зональные почвы аридных субтропиков богаты гумусом. Среднестатистическое количество гумуса в слое 0-25 см составляет 2,5–2,8% в сухостепной зоне, 1,6–2,0% - в полупустынной зоне. Абсолютное содержание гумуса в пахотном слое аридных орошаемых почв, орошаемых прозрачными артезианскими водами, меньше по сравнению с целинными почвами (2,3–2,6% в сухостепной зоне и 1,6–1,9% в полупустынной зоне).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Considering that a soil genofund of Azerbaijan on presence of various types (mountain-meadow, mountain-meadow-steppe, mountain-forest yellow earth, mountain-forest brown, mountain-forest brown, meadow-steppe, grey-brown, grey earth and meadow-grey earth, etc.) with the morphological, physical and chemical and biological features as it is known are formulated. The protection of these unique natural resources is relevant for soil scientists in Azerbaijan. The aim of the research - to study virgin and anthropogenically modified individual types of soils, to identify changes that have arisen in the genetic horizons associated with agrocenoses. The deluvial deposits are characteristic of foothill zones. According to the granulometric composition is gravel- clayey -loamy, high-carbonate. The ratio of physical sand [&gt;0.01 mm] to physical clay [&lt;0.01 mm] is 0.6. Proluvial deposits are adapted to the lower part of the apron. According to the granulometric composition - medium and heavy loamy, carbonate. Characterized by a higher sand fraction (41.2 ± 0.55%), the ratio of physical sand to physical clay-1.9. In the meter-thick layer of irrigated soils, the granulometric composition is slightly loamy, the content of the silt fraction -28.3±1.08–31.8±0.83%, physical clay – 63.0±1.8–65±1.1. This is 4–6% (dry steppe zone) and –3.5% (semi-desert zone), respectively. Depending on the nature of the irrigation relief, a comparative increase in clayey (4.7%) and light clayey (5.2%) granulometric composition is observed in irrigated soils. In the granulometric composition changes between the light loamy, and light clayey (20.6%) mode (57.7%) in the virgin meadow-grey soils, then it becomes from irrigative loamy to heavy clayey (mode 60.6%). An upper part of profile is considerably humificated:1.19 g/cm3 – changing coefficient is 6.88% (dry-steppe zone) and 1.30 g/cm3– changing coefficient is 3.78% (semi-desert). The virgin zonal soils of arid subtropics are rich in humus. An average statistical quantity of humus in 0 – 25 cm layer is 2.5 – 2.8% in the dry-steppe, 1.6 – 2.0% - in the semi-desert zones. Humus gradually rises (newly irrigated---&gt;irrigated---&gt;ancient---&gt;irrigated) in the process of collecting agro-irrigation reserves, formation of reserve organic matter in the soil.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генофонд почв</kwd><kwd>типы почв</kwd><kwd>гранулометрический состав</kwd><kwd>гумус</kwd><kwd>генетические слои</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soil genofund</kwd><kwd>soil types</kwd><kwd>granulometric composition</kwd><kwd>humus</kwd><kwd>genetic layers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dokuchaev V. V. K voprosu ob otkry`tii pri russkix universiteta kafedr pochvovedeniya i ucheniya o mikroorganizmax (v chastnosti, bakteriologii). – M: Razdum`ya o zemle, 1985. – 75 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dokuchaev V. V. 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