The purpose of the research was to comprehensively assess the current state of the soil  cover of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea; identification of soil degradation processes. The  objects of research are the soils and soil cover of the part of the northern coast of the Caspian Sea,  adjacent to the modern delta of the Ural River. The transformation of the soils of the territory is  due not only to the increased anthropogenic impact, but also to the change in soil formation  factors associated with the decrease in the level of the Caspian Sea in recent years. To assess the  degree of study of the characterized territory, the selection and analysis of materials from soil  studies was carried out. Based on the results of soil studies on the territory of the site, 26 soil  taxonomic units up to and including varieties were identified. The degree of soil degradation was  assessed. On the basis of the materials obtained, a soil map and a map of soil degradation of the  northern coast of the Caspian Sea were created. 

The article presents the results of a study of the current state of soil fertility of the SEC Asia Agro Group of the Shaulder irrigation area of the Turkestan region. It has been established that the limiting factor in the yield of SPK «Asia Agro Group» is the content of humus and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen. This is due to the mineralization of humus and the need to compensate for it through the additional application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, it is necessary to increase the nitrogen content in the soil by introducing perennial grasses into the crop rotation, because after them, over time, the humification process significantly intensifies. The data obtained showed that, due to a sharp drop in the volume of use of phosphorus fertilizers, the area of arable land with increased, high and very high provision of mobile forms of phosphorus was only 26.1% of the surveyed 300 hectares, while the area of soil with medium, low and very low content was 73.9%. This indicates the dependence of the content of this form of phosphorus on the application of fertilizers, and given the diversity of farm fields in the content of this element, it is necessary to apply doses of phosphorus fertilizers calculated taking into account the content of phosphorus in the soil strictly according to the cartogram.A relatively favorable situation is observed in terms of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soils of the farm, as evidenced by the rather high gradation of the content of this form of this element. 85.2% of the surveyed area had a high and very high supply of this form of potassium. Consequently, taking into account the state of soil fertility of SPK «Asia Agro Group», a mandatory method that ensures the formation of stable yields is the use of fertilizers, adherence to scientifically based crop rotations, leaving stubble and root residues and other agricultural practices. It must be remembered that as plant residues decompose, the quantitative and qualitative composition of organic substances and nutrients in the soil changes. The chemical composition of decomposing plant residues has a great influence on the accumulation of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil helps to increase the resistance of crops to adverse environmental factors. This is especially important due to climate change. 

The article presents studies of energy-efficient use of chemical reclamation on degraded irrigated lands of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the research results, it has been revealed that the combined use of certain chemical reclamation technologies provides a favorable salt regime of the soil and obtaining high yields of corn grain with savings of fuel and energy resources. When carrying out chemical melioration on irrigated degraded lands using water-saving irrigation technologies and adding mineral and liquid chemical meliorants: phosphogyp-sum (CaSO₄ꞏ2H2O)+aqueous ammonia (NH₃+NH₄OH) (phosphogypsum dose 5 t/ ha+aqueous ammonia dose 50 kg/ha, concentration 25%) - in the root zone, a decrease in toxic salts and an increase in non-toxic ones are ensured. This generally leads to an improvement in the condition and productivity of such lands, so the yield of corn grain in this research option exceeded the control option with discrete and drip irrigation, respectively, by 20.7-20.9 c/ha. 

In the process of the study the general soil-ecological disturbances of the soil cover, i.e. anthropogenic, pasture digression, degradation, erosion processes were revealed. There is an intensified grazing of cattle, which significantly affects soil properties, first of all, physical ones. An indispensable consequence of overgrazing is soil compaction. The condition of soil and vegetation cover in pastures is the main factor of ecosystem stability. Excessive load on pastures leads to violation of integrity of ecosystem functioning and development of pasture digression. The elements of grazing regulation are the correspondence of the number of animals to the grazing area, pasture productivity and general control over the state of the natural environment.  Compliance with the above requirements can be a guarantee of sustainable development of the ecosystem and preservation of rare plant species. Soil-ecological conditions of growing of endangered species of tulips Regel, Albert and Kolpakovsky were investigated on the territory of Zhambyl district of Almaty region.

Effectiveness of use of zeolite in vegetable growing in the footdown zone of southeast Kazakhstan Natural zeolites are widely used in agriculture both as independent fertilizers and as part of mixtures of mineral and organic fertilizers. Natural zeolites are crystalline nanoporous hydrated aluminosilicates. A modified zeolite fertilizer of prolonged action, enriched with macro- and microelements, was obtained by chemical and thermal Treatment of zeolite from the Shankanai deposit with ammophos dispersed to nanoscale sizes. The morphology and elemental composition of the new fertilizer were studied by X-ray diffraction. Zeolite introduced into the soil with mineral fertilizers leads to an improvement in the agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soil.

In response to Kazakhstan's priority of enhancing food security and reducing fruit imports, this study investigates the efficacy of different fertilization methods on the yield, fruit quality, and economic performance of intensive apple orchards. Given the increasing area of apple cultivation in Kazakhstan, optimizing fertilization practices is crucial for maximizing production and ensuring sustainability.: The study aims to evaluate the impact of three fertilization methods- existing technology without NPK, NPK incorporation into the soil, and fertigation-on the yield and quality of Geromini apple trees grown on dwarf M9 rootstocks. The research also assesses the economic efficiency of each method. Conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Turkestan, Kazakhstan, the study employed a randomized block design with four replications for each fertilization Treatment. Key parameters measured included fruit yield, quality (sugar content, dry matter, firmness), macroelement uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and economic metrics. Fertigation emerged as the most effective method, resulting in the highest average gross yield (30.6 t/ha), marketable yield (28.7 t/ha), and fruit quality metrics, including sugar content (24.1%) and average fruit weight. Fertigation also demonstrated superior macroelement uptake, with the highest levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Economically, fertigation proved to be the most cost-effective method, providing a favorable return on investment compared to soil incorporation and traditional fertilization methods. The study concludes that fertigation significantly enhances both the yield and quality of apples while optimizing economic returns. This method’s efficiency in nutrient delivery and uptake positions it as the most advantageous practice for intensive apple orchards. Further research is recommended to refine fertigation techniques and explore sustainable practices for long-term orchard productivity.

The article presents the results of a study on the duration of the vegetation period of rapeseed, one of the valuable and promising oilseed crops, in the conditions of Abay region. The aim of the study is to assess the ripening potential of rapeseed varieties of foreign selection in the soil and climatic conditions of the region. Rapeseed is a crop that can grow in a wide range of soil conditions, except for marshy, very light and sandy soils. Currently, research on rapeseed cultivation is actively underway. The soils of the area where the study was conducted belong to the light chestnut type. The climate is sharply continental, with a large daily and annual temperature range. Winters are harsh, summers are hot. The study used the ХNА, ХNB, and ХNC varieties of foreign (PRC) selection. In recent years, a large number of rapeseed varieties of domestic and foreign selection have been recommended for production. Determining the duration of the rapeseed vegetation period is important for determining the optimal sowing and harvesting times. Phenological observations were conducted in the first half of the day. The duration of the vegetation period for the ХNB and ХNC varieties was 89-92 days. The ХNA variety did not mature in the conditions of the region. The timing of the onset of rapeseed variety development phases was determined. It was found that the timing of development phases depends on weather conditions and the genetic characteristics of the varieties.