The territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is mainly characterized by an arid climate. Dark (chestnut) soils are widespread in the foothills of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains, formed in large ranges throughout the country.One of the local areas where these lands are spread is the Shamkirchay reservoir basin. The introductory part of the article provides brief information about these soils, analyzes the climatic features (air temperature, atmospheric precipitation and evaporation) that play a key role in their formation, and the effect of relief.The article studies the classification of dark (chestnut) soils, their physical and geographical conditions, description of morphological features of soils, diagnostic indicators.Dark (chestnut) soils with an area of 2886.09 ha were taken as the object of research. As all soils which are alredy formed in the Shamkirchay reservoir basin (dark (chestnut) soils) are considered to be areas with economic potential for agricultural development in the region. For many environmental reasons, the regulation of nature and economic relations in the Shamkir district requires the preparation of proper scientific and works. The article is of and practical importance in the assessment of soils, analysis of diagnostic indicators and monitoring of changes in these territorial units. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of the selected samples of soil were analyzed the main physical, chemical and nutritional elements in the upper layer of the soil, compiled a table and analyzed the results.

The system of indicators of the humus state of soils is one of the necessary criteria for assessing soils and their fertility. It is known that the humus state of soils is characterized by a large set of indicators reflecting the levels of accumulation of humus in the soil, its profile distribution, qualitative composition, migration capacity of humic substances, direction and rate of .The paper proposes a new, modified system of indicators of the humus state of soils in relation to the arid region and provides some research results on this issue. The aim of the work is to give new established criteria for the humus state of soils in the gray earth and desert zones and to reveal separately the issues of humus formation in the region. The role of climate, relief and vegetation as the main factor influencing the humus state of soils of vertical zoning, distributed in the foothills of Northern Turkestan, is revealed.

The article based on the results of studies on the study of the composition of humus and the humus state of various subtypes of rainfed gray soils and mountain brown, light brown steppe soils, which are widespread in the northern spurs of the Turkestan ridge of the basin of the river. Sanzar. On its basis, the questions of the influence of the relief, climatic conditions and other factors on the main indicators of the humus state of the considered soils and the influence of erosion processes on these indicators are discussed. The humus state of the studied soils was discussed according to a modified system of indicators developed for arid soils with a low organic matter content.

The article presents the results of research on changes in the content of organic matter in the soil and its group composition, during the cultivation of wheat by different precursors, in crop rotations with the plowing of sideral culture, 6-field and crop rotations. The research was carried out at the station of “SPC GF named after A.I. Barayev” LLP, on the southern carbonate black soils of Northern Kazakhstan, for three years. The lowest humus content in the soil was typical for the crop rotation (2.90-2.97 %). The use of mineral fertilizers in the crop rotation and the sealing of plant residues in the sideral crop rotation allowed maintaining the humus content in the soil at a stable level (3.06-3.13 %). The content of labile humus and humic acids in the soil of different variants of the experiment did not change significantly during the research period. According to the ratio of humic and fulvic acids, the type of soil humus was characterized as humate on average, ranging from 1.86 to 1.90 during the research, the humus content in the soil did not decrease, but remained at the same level. On variants without fertilizers, with the smell of sideral crops, the humus content was maintained at the same level, with the use of perennial herbs, the organic matter decreased, but not significantly. Keywords: humus, labile humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, crop rotations.

The preservation of the biological activity of irrigated saline soils plays an important role in increasing crop yields, including the formation of resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. At the same time, the use of biological fertilizers and biological products based on effective microorganisms provides plants with mineral nutrition elements, increases the biological activity of soils and is the basis for maintaining and increasing the fertility of unproductive soils. In the treated variants of Cuxin Hangepetunien, Cuxin Redu-BAC, Cuxin Zim merpflanzen, iron sulfate and based on the Bacillus amyloliquefaziens FZB 42 strain, the number of pseudomonas is 10⁷ CFU/g, which is an indicator of the highest level of this genus and the effectiveness of the applied biological fertilizers. In the summer period, the number of actinomycetes in the studied samples decreased, their number is 10³ CFU/g.in the Cuxin Redu-BAC variant, the number of actinomycetes decreased by 10² CFU/g in the autumn, and in the other variants, no growth was observed. Seasonal dynamics of micromycetes and the level of the number of fungi make up 10-20 % of the total number of microorganisms in the soil. A high level (100 %) of the presence of a population of the genus Azotobacter was established.

The article presents the results of the most adaptive maize hybrids in specific soil and climatic conditions that are resistant to diseases, root and stem lodging. When selecting hybrids for ecological variety testing, the ripeness group and the orientation of use were taken into account. For environmental testing, hybrids of breeding of the Republic of Moldova, USA, France, Hungary, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, used for feed purposes were taken. Key words: maize hybrids, breeding, ecological testing, diseases, lodging of roots and stems.

The article presents data on the moisture content, , and labile phosphorous in the soil in traditional and organic farming. The authors consider the dependence of spring soft wheat yield on the preceding crop (melilot and wheatgrass), soil fertility elements, and fertilizers. The amount of productive moisture in a meter soil layer did not depend on the farming system but varied depending on the preceding crop. The highest soil moisture accumulation was 137 mm on the melilot variant in two years of research. The farming system, unlike the preceding crop, did not affect accumulation in the soil before sowing wheat. The N-NO3 content on melilot variant was 10.8 mg/kg in the 0-40 cm soil layer in 2018, and 35.6 mg/kg in 2019. This indicator was 2 times lower on the wheatgrass variant for similar periods. The content of mobile phosphorus before sowing in a 0-20 cm soil layer for 2018-2019 varied from 18.6 to 35.0 mg / kg of soil, regardless of the farming system and predecessor, which is a consequence of the heterogeneity of the soil cover. Spring wheat productivity was on average 5.2 and 5.3 c/ha higher in traditional farming than in organic farming over research period. Melilot was a better preceding crop, irrespective of the farming system, where the yield was 23-30% higher compared to the wheatgrass. Key words: spring soft wheat, traditional farming, organic farming, melilot, wheatgrass, phosphorus.

Production tests on the use of fertilizer "BioEcoGum" on an area were carried out on the soils of the agropark "Ontusik". Liquid humic preparation "Bioecogum" is obtained from vermicompost processed by compost worms in special nurseries from various organic raw materials by enrichment with macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), microelements (Mn, Mo, Zn, Se), growth stimulants and effective microorganisms. The drug is used for processing seed material and foliar feeding of cereals and legumes. Biofertilization has had a positive impact on the growth, development and productivity of cereals and legumes. Seed treatment increases the stress resistance and germination of seeds, one and spraying of grain and leguminous plants increases growth and development, increases the weight of seeds, provides a reliable increase in yield from 25 to 67 percent. The use of "BioEcoGum" reduces the content of starch and gluten index, increases the content of protein, gluten in winter wheat grains and gluten in flour. The economic efficiency of using biofertilizers ranges from 45 thousand to 297 thousand tenge / ha, depending on the cultivated crops. According to the results of production tests, the bio -organic liquid fertilizer "Bioecogum'' is recommended for widespread implementation in the southern regions of Kazakhstan in the cultivation of cereals and legumes. Key words: light chestnut soils, biofertilizer, corn, soy, wheat, barley.

The article based on the results of production tests and laboratory studies obtained with the use of the biological product TUMAT when growing rice in the irrigated massif of Markhamat district of Andijan region. TUMAT is a liquid organic and humic fertilizer in the form of an aqueous suspension, made from environmentally friendly sapropel and leonardite (brown coal). It is used for seed treatment, root and foliar treatment of crops. Due to its microbiot, the biological product accelerates the process of soil humification, increases the content of organic matter, improves the nutritional regime of the soil, promotes the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, prevents the formation of nitrates, increases plant resistance to diseases and adverse weather conditions, stimulates the growth and development of plants due to humic acids, amino acids, pectins, carboxylic acids, macro and microelements, stimulants and other substances that make up the biological product. Due to its unique natural composition, it causes a reaction in the plant, aimed at increasing immunity, provides an increase in yield by 30-80%. Biological product TUMAT can be used in the cultivation of cereals, legumes, industrial and other crops in various soil and climatic conditions of Central Asia. Key words: TUMAT, soil, soil fertility, nutrient regime of soils, humus state of soils, rice, harvest, humus.

The article is devoted to the analysis of croplands dynamics during in different periods of agricultural development of Tyva. The influence of development on changes in crop areas is analyzed. A change in the trend in the area of crops was revealed: from widespread development of virgin land in intermountain basins to widespread compression in most regions of the Republic. Currently, there is a dynamic in the Central regions. Key words: croplands, grain crops, soil erosion, virgin lands, Republic of Tyva.