As a result of the study, it was found that the dynamics of the value of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) during drip irrigation of rice is fundamentally different from the value of ORP during irrigation of rice by the method of continuous flooding. With constant flooding in the soil, reduced products begin to accumulate - acidic forms of such alternating elements as iron, sulfur, manganese, etc. These fermented products in most cases have a negative effect on the growth and development of rice seedlings. Observations of the seasonal dynamics of AFP showed that drip irrigation contributes to the sufficient supply of soil microorganisms and rice roots with an easily accessible form of oxygen, which eliminates the negative effect of recovered products on seed germination, growth and development of rice seedlings observed during irrigation by constant flooding. A regular low Fe² + content was observed in soils under drip irrigation than in soils under irrigation by constant flooding. The content of the divalent form of sulfur in soils during drip irrigation in almost all periods of observation turned out to be lower than in soils during irrigation with constant flooding.

The article presents the results of soil-agrochemical surveys of 42 peasant farms in the Shaulder massif of the Turkestan region. The database of the information system of the object of study included geographically linked (longitude, latitude) analytical data on the content of humus, the degree of salinization of soils, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the pH value of 225 sampling points. It was revealed that out of 500 hectares of the surveyed territory of 42 peasant farms, 495.6 hectares or 99.1 % of the soils have a very low content of humus and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, motley phosphorus and potassium (from low to high content). It has been established that the use of fertilizers is on saline soils is an important factor in increasing soil fertility and crop productivity in these farms. In this case, nitrogen fertilizers are most effective while phosphorus and potassium, fertilizers ensured their more economical use and increase the yield of corn for grain, depending of salinity (within 11,4-40,0 %). When differential doses of fertilizers are applied across the fields, taking into account their availability in the soil, their utilization coefficient increases and losses are reduced. The use of innovative technologies for preserving soil fertility and corn productivity on grain in the fields of peasant farms with an optimal fertilizer system, taking into account the provision of soil with mineral nutrition elements.

The article presents a total of works on the application of the remote (space) method for identifying the “fallow” saline lands of an irrigated area that have left agricultural use. By decoding a series of Landsat 8OLE snapshots of one term (August) over several years, using classification by the “greatest similarity” method in the middle part of the Shaulder irrigation array, abandoned “fallow” fields with saline soils were selected. The classification in Landsat 8OLE multispectral images was performed in a combination of channels (7-5-2) “false colors”. An assessment was also made of “fallow” lands according to the degree of soil salinity.

The article presents the results of using liquid organic biofertilizers for soybean culture in the form of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatments. The data of phenological observations of plant growth and the size of soybean leaves depending on the applied fertilizer are presented. Productivity indicators were taken into account: the number of plants, the number of fruit nodes, the number of pods, and the weight of beans. The positive influence of liquid products «BioEcoGum» and «Risovit-Aks» on the growth, development, productivity and yield of soybean plants in the conditions of grey soils of the Almaty region.

The article presents data from an agrochemical survey of arable land of LLP “Agropark Ontustik”. A chemical analysis of samples of light chestnut and meadow chestnut non-saline and saline soils was carried out. A very low and low supply of soils with common humus and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen was established. Variegation in the content of mobile phosphorus and excellent potassium is observed. The most effective fertilizers in the cultivation of agricultural crops are nitrogen and phosphorus. It is also necessary to apply potash fertilizers in accordance with the agrochemical cartogram. To maintain a deficit-free balance of organic matter in the soil, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers, cultivate forage crops and observe crop rotation.

The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield of new alfalfa cultivars Kokorai, Osimtal, and Kokbalausa has been identified after the introduction of P0, P150, and P200(active substance) with nitrogen N60, potassium K70, microele-ments (cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo)) on the three noted phosphorus backgrounds. Increasing the dosages of phosphorus increases the yield of the dry mass of the three cultivars. At P0, the dry mass yield of the variety “Kokorai” was 13.2 t/ha, at P150 - 15.9 t/ha and at P200 - 17.3 t/g, the variety “Kokbalausa” was 13.9 t/ha, 16.7 t/ha ha and 17.5 t/ha, also the variety “Osimtal” grade -11.2 t/ha, 14.4 t/ha and 15.7 t/ha. In general, differences in the response of varieties to fertilizers are weak, and they all equally affect fertilizers. However, among the three varieties, the Kokbalausa variety was distinguished by high productivity.

The article is devoted to the study of the ecological situation in some industrial areas of the Akmola and Karaganda regions. The soil and water of the village of Kalachi, Akmola region, Zhezkazgan, Balkhash, Akshatau, Akzhal of the Karaganda region for the content of heavy metals. The work on the determination of heavy metals as (Pb, Zn and Cu) revealed Zn and Cu in the soil and water of the studied industrial areas, due to the presence of dust from extracted ores in the air. The results of the study showed an excess of heavy metals in soil in the territory of Akshatau Akzhal (territory-Novotsink) and in the waters of Zhezkazgan, the lead content in artesian water is two times higher, and in water from an open reservoir - an excess of four times. It is recommended that regular monitoring of pollution with heavy metals, radiation background, air, soil and water, and the implementation of measures aimed at improving the environmental conditions of industrial areas of Akmola and Karaganda regions.

Studies show that the fertility of agricultural lands in the country is not satisfactory in the current situation. Soil salinization and erosion (including irrigation erosion) in the Mil -Karabakh regions of the Republic increased significantly. Most of the irrigated lands in Azerbaijan suffer from varying degrees of soil salinization. The presence of saline soils in the central region of Azerbaijan, especially in Kur-Araz lowland, is clearly a major problem today. Approximately 60 % of the Kur-Araz lowland area, with an area of 2.2 million hectares, consists of moderately and severely saline soils. It is possible to apply a system of agro technical, reclamation and agro ameliorative measures to protect soil erosion. The benefits of the conservation agriculture can be summarized as follows; Reduction of soil erosion, reduction of fuel and manpower costs, increase of water use efficiency. With the use of permanent seeding systems in row, plant residues can be stored on the soil surface, increasing crop productivity, reducing production costs, and enhancing the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil.

The legacy left to posterity by female scientists like Assing I.A. requires a special assessment. It is distinguished by scientific eccentricity and a non-standard approach in solving fundamental and applied problems of soil science. Irina Anatolyevna's research in the field of biogeochemistry, genetics and geography of soils in Kazakhstan is still fundamental for this region. Having experienced all the difficulties and upsurges in the country, women soil scientists have done a great job, the significance of which remains to be rethought. Assing I.A has carried out studies to substantiate the differences between mountain soils and the plains corresponding to them by type of soils. These differences should first be sought in the composition and properties of humic substances: humic acids of mountain soils have fewer carbon rings in the monomer, less light absorption, etc. For these reasons, the mechanism of soil erosion is being strengthened. Can these studies help determine the cause of soil erosion in agricultural use? The value of the scientific work of Assing I.A is a reliable starting point for further research on the soils of Kazakhstan.