Based on results of field work in the Shaulder irrigation massif the research work investigated the features of the formation of the soil cover, their morphological and physical-chemical characteristics. Accordingly to the results of scientific work several maps: a soil map with an area of 27 thousand hectares (scale 1: 100000), a map of soil degradation and a map of soil quality assessment were compiled. The quantitative characteristics of the circuits and analytical data of the study area were added into the electronic spatially-coordinated database (DB).

The processes of influence of hydromorphic soil formation on the formation of conditions of phosphate nutrition of soils under different conditions of overflow, intensity of development of gley-eluvial and oxidation-reducing processes are highlighted. It was established that the level of hydromorphism (percolation) of soil is one of the most important and key factors determining the behavior of phosphorus in soil and functioning of phosphate regime. The dependence of trophic functions and accumulation-migration processes of soils on the nature of manifestations of hydromorphism and intensity of development of glaucoma processes is characterized. It was found that the content of mobile forms of phosphorus decreases in the conditions of overflow of soil and in variants with additional iron application. This phenomenon is caused by the formation of water-soluble phosphate-ferro-aluminous organic complex compounds, suitable for migration, by interaction of phosphate ions of soil solution with active humic acids and reactive semi -metallic oxides.. It is confirmed that in hydromorphic (gley-eluvial) soils there is a downward migration of complex organo-mineral compounds, as well as the formation of phosphorus-containing nodules, which leads to destabilization of the phosphate state of the soil and phosphate nutrition of plants. The purpose of this work is to establish the laws of the influence of ferruginous compounds on the phosphate state of percolated (hydromorphic) soils.

In the last decade, significant damage to the soil cover is caused by irrational farming, violation of agricultural technologies associated with the changing economic situation in the country and environmental degradation. This leads to a change in many physicochemical properties of dark chestnut soils. Therefore, it is necessary to contribute to the conservation of soil fertility as efficiently as possible. In this regard, the role of monitoring studies is increasing, which allows timely detection of changes in the level of fertility, if necessary, to develop appropriate corrective measures, as well as to predict the state of the system in the future. The aim of the work is to identify agricultural land susceptible to transformation when used in the link of grain-steam crop rotation. Studies have established the transformation of agrochemical and agrophysical indicators of soil cover during prolonged use in grain-steam rotation. When using dark chestnut soils in grain-steam rotation for 40 years, a decrease in the humus content in the upper layers by 2.81 % and a decrease in the phosphorus content by 8.75 % are noted.

In order to prevent degradation and desertification, as well as the rational use of pasture ecosystems, it is important to conduct studies to identify the effects of grazing technology on farm animals on the condition of soil cover grazing land. The aim of the research is the agrochemical assessment of the soil cover of pastures depending on the technology of grazing. As a result of the studies, a negative effect of intensive grazing of farm animals on the physical and chemical parameters of pastures of light chestnut soils was established. Under the influence of overgrazing, the humus reserve of light chestnut soils decreased by 27.78 %, the soil was compacted by 13.11 %, the content of exchangeable sodium increased in the exchange bases and non -alkaline soils turned into a category of medium degree of solonetz, Monitoring showed the degradation of pasture soil of intensive grazing up to 2 degrees in terms of humus reserve and up to 3 degrees in density and soil structural composition had a satisfactory rating.

Based on soil and geographical work on the Ustyurt Plateau and the Malikchul Plain, the territory of the desert zone is divided into northern Central Kazakhstan with subboreal features and southern Turan desert subzones with a subtropical climate. The zonal climatic features of the desert zone, expressed in the difference in the hydrothermal regime of these territories, caused differences in morphogenetic, chemical properties, organic matter content and its group composition. The mass of the root system under various plant communities was studied. Depending on the zonal-climatic conditions, light brown, gray-brown northern soils are formed on the territory of the temperate subboreal desert, forming bio-soil complexity, and gray-brown and underdeveloped gray-brown soils of various altitude levels are forming on the south-warm subtropical desert subzone combinations. Efficiency of pasture land use can be created by introducing a rational system of exploitation and finding water sources for their irrigation.

The article presents the results of testing of different types of new system pesticides for the contamination of winter wheat varieties of vitreous type 24 in the conditions of gray soils in the south of Kazakhstan. The most effective biological and economic efficiency of the tested herbicides were binary packaging Dialen super 480 V.R. - 0,7 l/g. Topik 080, k.e - 0.4 l/ha, and the highest yield of grain in winter wheat were formed when using herbicides. In the initial stage of weeds on winter wheat crops were treated with herbicide Ballerina in the rate of consumption 0.5 l/ha. In the article was studied the influence of different types of herbicide on the reduction of contamination of winter wheat crops and their influence on wheat grain yield. The influence of different types of used herbicides was described in detail on the species composition of weeds. Their biological and economic efficiency in the conditions of rich agriculture of southern Kazakhstan.

Studies have been conducted to study the effect of fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative indicators of rice under the conditions of the Akdala irrigation region of South-east of Kazakstan. It was established that the Regul rice variety is capable of forming high grain yields, which range from 31.0-48.7 kg/ha. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on both yield and quality indicators of the studied culture. The maximum yield increase from fertilizers amounted to 57.1 % of the control (fertilizer) option. It was established that the payback per unit of the active substance of organic fertilizers for 2 years in effect and aftereffect was high and amounted to: 155,9 kg of manure and 122,7 kg of rice grain biohumus.

The article presents the results of soil-ecological survey works on the territory of the left-bank part of the Shaulder irrigation area. For the purpose to determine the content of heavy metals in soils, GIS of the left-Bank part of the object of study was created. This will allow continuous, time and space unlimited monitoring of irrigation waters, soils and products, as well as information for predictive assessment of their previous, current status and future changes. The article reflects the main geochemical indicators of heavy metals (hazard coefficient, migration intensity, Clark concentration) and provides data on the content of total and mobile forms of heavy metals.

Laureate of the State Prize of the Kazakh SSR Borovsky V.M. the author of the school of environmental foundations of environmental management, conservation strategies, rational use and increase the biological productivity of the soil cover of Kazakhstan. In his works, on the basis of the theory of unity of litho-morphopedоgenesis developed by him, he reveals the essence of delta soil formation in the arid zone. It laid the fundamental foundation and theoretical foundation of ecological-reclamation soil science. He identified four soil-halogen-chemical provinces, paid attention to anthropogenic desertification and salt accumulation in the Aral Sea region, and made a great contribution to solving scientific and applied soil-ecological problems of Kazakhstan.

A graduate of the Kazakh Agricultural Institute, working as an agronomist during the The Second World War in South Kazakhstan, in 1946 entered the postgraduate studies of the Institute of Soil Science. Having mastered the subtleties of soil science and having gone through field and laboratory work, she defended her doctorate thesis in 1949, and did a great work of cartography. The incredible trials, both terrible and great, that fell to her and her generation's lot made her path extraordinary. The path of Pachikina L.I. was not an easy way for woman in the male profession, which can set as an example for studying the history of the development of soil science in Kazakhstan and be a model for the current generation. This path is interesting not only to soil scientists, but also to sociologists working in the field of gender studies.