In the article spelled out results of scientific researches on studying influence of various kinds of organic fertilizers and bioorganic preparations in system of organic vegetable growing on fertility of dark chestnut soils of a foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan. It is established that these soils, as a result of prolonged use in irrigated vegetable growing, have undergone significant changes in their properties. Complex application of bioorganic fertilizers in conditions of various vegetable rotations promoted improvement of soil fertility indicators

The article examines the ways of transition to the system of organic farming from the traditional system of agriculture, where the rice yield is not formed above 5,0-6,0 t / ha, due to limitations in soil. The results of long-term studies (2001-2017) proved that it is possible to improve the ecology of rice soil and increase the yield of quality rice in the system of rice crop rotation to 6,5-7,0 t / ha in the conditions of rice farming in Kazakhstan's Aral Sea region.

The effect of prolonged systematic application of fertilizers on the main indicators of fertility of irrigated light chestnut soils and productivity of agricultural crops is presented. Regression equations that describe a close positive interaction between the intensity of application of fertilizers, agrochemical soil indices, yield and product quality with a high degree of probability are calculated.

With regard to the arid conditions of the Turkestan region, the mechanisms of plant nutrition and responsiveness to fertilizer (NPK), water were studied and the influence on the rational use of mineral fertilizers and the water regime on the physiological processes and yields of the new, regionalized cotton variety Maktaaral-4011 was revealed. In conditions of slightly saline soils with relatively insignificant (180-200 cm) bedding of the level of mineralized groundwater for the cotton of the variety Maktaaral-4011, the optimal irrigation regime is the 01-1 irrigation scheme, i.e. one watering in the flowering phase, the second in the fruiting-ripening phase with a watering rate of 1200 m3 / ha.

The positive impact of the fertilizer organic system on soil aggregates increase with a size of 10-0,25 mm was established in the irrigative soils of the arid subtropics in Azerbaijan. By an application of 40 t/h manure KPC the agronomic valuable aggregates grew 13,0 % on average in comparison with the control in the plowing and subsurface layers. When studying water -permeability of the alluvial meadow-forest soils in the Guba-Khachmaz zone under the apple gardens, irrigative meadow-brown soils in the Guba-Khachmaz zone under vegetable and lucerne, and irrigative grey-brown soils of Absheron under meadows and pastures it is established that a mean velocity of water intake in the soil forms: 0,0282 m/hour under apple gardens in the alluvial meadow-forest soils from the Guba-Khachmaz zone; 0,0691 m/hour under vegetable cultures in the irrigative meadow-brown soils of the Guba-Khachmaz zone; 0,0768 m/hour under lucerne in the irrigative meadow-brown soils of the Guba-Khachmaz zone; 0,5664 m/hour under meadows and pastures in the irrigative grey-brown soils of Absheron. For the stable and effective functioning of the soil ecosystem both the highest and low water-permeability are undesirable.

Fertilizers play an important role in regulating soil humus concentration and crop productivity. The optimal and rational application of fertilizer provides higher quality yield. In this study, the impact of mineral and organic fertilizers (manure) on the growth and development of cabbage has been explored. The use of mineral fertilizers on natural and organic backgrounds contributed to the increase in the average plant mass to 2,862 and 3,333 g. The yield capacity when using mineral fertilizers increased to 41.0 t/ha, the increase in yield to control was 9,3 t/ha or 29,3 %. The creation of an organic background increased the yield of cabbage by 3.5 t/ha in comparison with natural, and mineral fertilizers on the organic background by 10,2 t/ha. The use of fertilizers in agriculture is one of the key factors of conservation and optimization of soil fertility and crop productivity.

This article describes the experience in developing a methodological approach to the operational search of spatial landfills in the territory for short periods of time with the help of a drone that allowed the development and implementation of a plan of measures for the remediation of existing spatial landfills, as well as tracking the emergence of new landfills for timely reclamation. On the basis of repeatedly taking pictures of the same territory, patterns of placement of the landfills are found, a database was created, sampling points were determined for the study of the influence of spontaneous dumps on the basic agrochemical indicators of the soil.

The article presents the results of micromorphological studies of modern ordinary chernozem, as background soil and buried soil of the barrow of the early Iron Age of the Kazakh Altai. Their comparative characteristics is given, it have shown that in the soils over 25,000 years, no significant changes have occurred. Formation and development of buried soil of the Berel burial took place under bioclimatic conditions nearby to the conditions of modern soil formation. It have established that under the mound due to a special thermoregulatory design, artificially created permafrost, which helped to keep buried