The main objectives of this study were (i) to determine physico-chemical properties of six different soils (ii) to measure the range and degree of urease activities, (iii) to evaluate the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on urease activities in the both sides of the £ankiri-Acifay River associated with specific landforms and different slope gradient. While right side soils of the Acifay River are formed on quaternary alluvial deposits that find on terrace and floodplain, left side soils formed from quaternary alluvium, alluvial-collivial material and oligo-miocene gypsum and salt strata located on floodplain, terrace and steep lands respectively. Soil properties data of both sides of Acifay River soils indicated significantly differences each other in terms of pedogenic processes which have been shaped by landscape position and parent material. According to soil taxonomy, 6 different soils were determined and classified as Entisol, Inceptisol and Mollisol along transect. In addition, it was found that changes of landscape positions associated with erosion and organic matter content can alter the soil urease activities within the soil profile and along different slope.

The article presents information on the results of the study of the effect of fertilizers on the nutrient elements of the soils of Akdalinsky irrigation massif. It was established that the content of common humus during the vegetation period according to the variants of the experiment remained almost unchanged, except for the variant with the introduction of biohumus. The obtained data showed that the content of total and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen for all variants of the experiment is higher than the control. The content of mobile phosphorus during the growing season of the crop in all variants increased in comparison with the control one. At the same time, the greatest increase in the content of this form of phosphorus was found in the variant when manure and biohumus were introduced. It was found that the positive effect on the content of exchange potassium was provided only by the addition of biohumus and manure + % N120P90K45. Thus, the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers into the rice and marsh soils contributes to an increase in the effective fertility of these soils.

The article presents data on the above farm land security common in humus, and moving elements of mineral nutrition (N, P, K) and recommended doses of fertilizer application to optimize the nutrient regime of crops, depending on soil type, their security data elements predecessors and planned levels of productivity, developed on the basis of long-term studies of the Kazakh research Institute of agriculture and Plant for similar soils.

The agromeliorative methods and their application to the saline soils of the Shauldera irrigation massif of the South Kazakhstan Oblast in the territory of the Kenzhegara farm were considered. In the article, based on agrochemical data, cartographic materials on salinization and basic indicators of soil fertility are presented. In the course of the research, a positive effect was revealed in the presowing treatment of C-1-1 corn seeds and spraying of vegetating plants in phases 3-5 and 6-7 of the PA-2-1 leaf, where the yield increment averaged 37 %. The obtained results show that the applied agro-meliorative technologies increase the salt and stress resistance of the crop, and the increase in the mass of roots testifies to the high phytomeliorative efficiency of agro-practices.

Based on the study, the following statistically significant mean contents of mobile forms of the studied heavy metals in the soils of the ancient alluvial terraced part of the Shaulder irrigation massif (mg/kg) - Zn 2.6 ± 0.09, Cu 1.3 ± 0.04, Pb 2.6 ± 0.09, Cd 0.9 ± 0.03 and Ni 5.6 ± 0.25. We propose these figures for their background content and use for further monitoring studies. It was also found that the process of irrigation of the soil in the massif as a whole leads to an increase in the proportion of movable forms of cadmium, lead and especially nickel, while the shares of mobile forms of copper and zinc are on the contrary reduced.

Studying of conformity of accumulation of gypsum in soils of oil fields Karaarna and East Kokarna and their quantitative change is essential as the high content of gypsum will have significant effect on physical and chemical and water physical properties of soils. Accumulation in soils of gypsum perhaps physical, chemical, physical and chemical and biological in the ways. Analyses of soils show that carbonates and gypsum in the horizons of the soil settle down in opposite values. Influences accumulation of gypsum also рН the soil medium. At high alkalinity pH-9,08 value of gypsum has decreased to 0,40%. At decrease рН to 8,9 indicator of gypsum about 3,26% have increased. On a minimum of value of gypsum of 0,17 % corresponds at most рН the soil medium-9,34. At high alkalinity of the soil medium solubility of plaster also increases. Gypsum reserves on the brown zonal saline soil on all calculatijn to layers of a soil profile were higher, than in the petropolluted soils of both fields and have made 375,8 t/hectare in a meter layer. Brown saline soils with the cast sandy deposit - 257,25 t/hectare. In the seaside primitive saline soil in the territory of the oil field East Kokarna has decreased to 270,2 t/hectare. In the territory of the oil field Karaarna and East Kokarna because of proximity of highly mineralized and high-alkaline ground waters pass gypsum in various types of soils into different forms and are dissolved on different degree. As a result gypsum reserves in the specified types of soils decrease in comparison with the brown zonal saline soil.

The article is devoted for the search of influence of mineral fertilization to the fertility of dark-chestnut soil and productivity of cabbage harvest under the condition of Almaty region. The use of mineral fertilization in the agricultural producing, with keeping all technologies and regulations cause positive effects to the forming of biomass and cabbage productivity, because of making optimal conditions of nutrition and phytosanitary state of fields.

The introduction of increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizers at different levels of P2O5 in the soil (15.0-20.0 and 35.0-45.0 mg/kg) contributes to an increase in the yield of winter wheat. The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers in the norm N30, N60, N90 and N90 + 30 on a reduced background of mobile phosphorus contributes to the yield of a grain of winter wheat of the order of 29.1 -37.0 c/ha, at an elevated level of 37.3-44.1 c/ha. It has been established that the payback of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizers by adding grain on average for two years for both backgrounds was in the range from 8.7 to 14.7 kg.

The level of salinity, the chemical composition of the soils reclaimed in different years plots of the former barns in the oil field was determined. The change in soil salinity in the post -recultivation period is revealed, the transformation of their salt composition, which leads to an increase in the proportion of alkaline-earth elements in the cation composition and sulfate ions in the anionic one, is considered. The technology of rehabilitation of oil-contaminated technosoils of former barns by zeolite-microbiological method leads to desalinization of the soil profile.