The Republic of Armenia is a small mountainous country scarce in soil, where as all the components of the landscape, including soil cover are subjected to upward zoning patterns. The classification of all genetic soil types separated in the territory of the republic is based on the criteria presented in International World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).

The effective use of soil resources largely depends on the content, composition and reserves of humus, which characterizes fertility, agro-industrial properties and productivity of soils. The changes in some of the basic chemical, physical-chemical properties and humus state of soda solonetz- solonchaks, meliorated solonetz -solonchaks and irrigated meadow-brown soils of the Armavir region in Ararat valley are investigated. In a relatively short period of time, improvement in the basic properties of soils is observed, which positively affects their humus state. The reclaimed solonetz-solonchaks become closer to irrigated meadow-brown soils in their desalinization and dealkalization rate, salt content, CO32-, pH, water-soluble and absorbed sodium, as well as in the composition of humus cluster.

The main ways of increasing the yield of winter wheat in the dry lands of the South-East of Kazakhstan are unsecured rainfall rain fed sowing on clean pairs and pale biosphere rain fed replacing clean fallow with crops gorokhovskoi mixture, millet, chickpea and oats in pure form as well as minimization of soil processing, tillage, the introduction of the steam box 30 t/ha manure and mulching the soil surface with shredded straw of the previous couple of culture.

It was determined that the irrigative erosion developed in the arable areas under complex relief condition in the sloping plain and foothill regions of the Azerbaijan Republic. It is important to define a potential riskiness of erosion with the purpose of preparing of the fight measures against irrigation erosion and to characterize the factors which created it in these zones. We defined durability of soils against erosion and their water absorption ability and characterized a surface sloping of the soils for it. The potential riskiness of the soil irrigative erosion is divided into 5 degrees: weak risky, mean risky, strong risky, very strong risky and catastrophic risky. The riskiness was estimated by a quantity of the soil which is possible to be leached. During the surface irrigation the soil water-absortion ability and durability against erosion must be taken into account while preparing technology against erosion.

Environmental monitoring of soil nematodes was carried out in the southern and ordinary chernozems of Northern Kazakhstan. We studied the quantitative and faunal composition, population dynamics, trophic structure of soil nematodes. Indexes, showing the state of soil ecosystems, have been determined. Habitat free-living and omnivorous nematodes in the southern and ordinary chernozems are similar, since index values MI is similar.

The research results on accumulative ability of main dominating types of vegetation in the low reaches of the river Ili, are presented. It is determined that all explored types of plants mainly accumulate Sr⁹⁰ rather than Cs¹³⁷. Classification of crops is performed according to radionuclides accumulation ability. The degree of radionuclides, involved into biological cycle, is very significant and ranges within hundredths, thousandth share of percentage of their level in soil.

The following is dedicated to priority issues related with implementing wide programs of soil melioration. There were analyzed modern conditions of melioration system, soil salinity process and quality of irrigation water? And also peculiarities of demonstration of secondary salinity in irrigation soil.

This study provides of agricultural landscapes and ecological restoration activity performed in the Kokdzhon phosphate mining of the Zhambyl region (a semi-desert mining area of Kazakhstan). The test area was made by a quarry-hole, about 2 hectares wide, that was preliminarily filled with the earthy material of a dump and, subsequently, levelled. Technical and biological reclamation works carried out in two stages. Remediation work was carried out to improve the agroecological condition within the technogenic dump. Determination of stability and variability of phytomeliorants in unfavorable climatic conditions.

Provides information about the mineralization, the chemistry of salinization, alteration of acid-alkaline conditions, degree of pollution with oil products and heavy metals in groundwater of the cuts on reclaimed in different years oil field. Ground waters have a high salinity brine type with chloride, sodium and magnesium-sodium type of chemistry.

The main chemical, physico-chemical, morphological and mineralogical properties of soils which used in agriculture were studied to assess the current state of agricultural land in the foothills of the Zhetysu ridge. The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction is represented by disordered mixed-layer illite-smectite formations, hydromica, trioctahedral chlorite, lizardite, kaolinite, feldspar and quartz.