The article dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the U.U. Uspanov Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, describes gradual development of soil science in Kazakhstan. The first ideas of public figures, scientific intellectuals, educators and writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries on Kazakh steppe soils, their properties, fertility, irrational, predatory exploitation of soil during the Migration policy of Russia and rational use of pastures and land resources. Researches and achievements of the period of development of the Independent State - the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Agricultural lands are decreasing and fragmentizing day by day owing to reasons such as migrations caused by increasing population, industrialization, faulty urbanization policies, laws concerning inheritance and commercial laws. It is a vital issue to improve agricultural infrastructure by consolidating lands especially in countries like Turkey where agricultural lands are dispersed and multi-part. In order for agricultural output to be increased, existing agricultural lands need to be reorganized so as to produce crops economically. Implementation of land consolidation projects has become a necessity to improve agricultural lands. In this study, the land consolidation project implemented in the village of Salur in the province of Karaman between the years 2009 and 2010 was investigated. The new situation that arose after the implementation of the project and the situation before the project were compared and contrasted in terms of the number of parcels, average parcel size and the parcels' accessibility to transportation routes. According to this, the results of the reorganization of the agricultural plots after the land consolidation projects were presented through numerical data.

The use of agricultural land is decreasing continuously due to misuse of agricultural land other than agricultural purposes in Turkey. Therefore, the geographical-based information systems have become mandatory making farmland identified across the country and creation of farmer registration system. For this purposes, it aims to establish an "integrated administration and control system" (IACS) and agricultural supports accurate control and management will be developed. In this way, farmers will consist of the actual figure statements, payments made to farmers will be guaranteed, they have taken the necessary facts to support agricultural production. The identification of agricultural land in the European Union countries is employed as classed as one of the components "Land Parcel Identification System" (LPIS). The LPIS system is an essential component for land based supports (subsidies) control and management (direct support, promote production in the less supported area farmers to be directed to sectors such as organic farming, deforestation, pollution prevention, etc.). In this study, some information of the standards about making 1/5000 scaled orthophoto maps will be given for backing the proposed establishment of LPIS system prepared across the country in Turkey.

The procedures for determining soil thermal diffusivity coefficient based on the solution of inverse problems of heat transfer equation taking into account the boundary conditions on the surface which are described by two harmonics have been developed. These procedures enable estimating the thermal diffusivity in soil under natural conditions and that should increase the adequacy and expand the use of mathematical models of soil thermal regime.

Global and climate changes influence the basic conditions for agriculture. Therefore there is not only a demand for a strict climate protection but also for an adaptation of agriculture to changing conditions. For a study region of 60x40 km within the moraine landscape of North-East Germany, mainly used for agriculture, water balance, nitrogen and sulphur loads as well as crop yields were calculated for the actual and for a possible future situation. The comparison between the Scenario 2050 and the Initial Situation in 2000 revealed significant changes of the water balance (decrease in percolation water, increase in actual evapotranspiration) as well as of the concentration of nitrogen and sulphur in the percolation water. For the study region the crop yields decrease only slightly if the CO2 fertilizing effect is taken into account. Adaptation measures in response to changing climate conditions to achieve an economically secured and sustainable agriculture are recommended.

Soil fertility is among the most important parameters in agriculture. Cumra which is situated in the southern part of Konya Closed Basin, where Central Anatolia's most important agricultural production center surrounded by mountains and has a plain structure. Basin soil which has arable climatic structure and topography, has the young alluvial calcareous soil properties that has occurred over time. Cumra region is an important agricultural area in Turkey, where all kinds of crop production can be made because of climatic conditions and its irrigable. In this study by examining the soil and climatic characteristics of Cumra, its efficiency are discussed. Product diversity and sustainability in terms of economy have been evaluated.

The article presents the results of field experiments designed to study the effect of new organic-mineral fertilizers and local raw materials to improve soil fertility and crop yields of cultivated crops.

In article results the lysimetric of experiments on influence of nonconventional types of mineral raw materials, as sources of microcells are given in crops of a cotton in the conditions of old irrigated typical a gray soil. Indications gradual transition of trace elements in plants digestible form.

The results of the monitoring of morphological, chemical and physical properties of normal southern chernozems in Kostanai region presented in the paper.

Annual agrotechnical treatment during the planting and growing season vegetable crops, destructive properties of irrigation water leads to a deterioration of the structural units of soil degradation of humic substances, removal of nutrients and reduced fertility of dark chestnut soils. The research work is aimed at improving the physical, water-physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological properties and nutrient status of the soil through the use of biochar produced during pyrolysis(400° C), rice husk as sorbent and improver. The results showed that variants with biochar in drip irrigation contain much more water than the control. Adding biochar to soil retains moisture for all crops under different irrigation conditions. Volume weight of the soil sample plots in the spring and summer under drip and sprinkler irrigation have low values, the autumn bulk density increases, due process lessivage under irrigation. When dry sievingin various forms greatest amount of irrigation comprise soil aggregates >10mm.On all versions of the experiments mezagre-gates soil more than macro and microaggregates. Coefficient of structuring the state of aggregation of soil on variants of drip irrigation with biochar- excellent. Option to making biochar is characterized by increased humus content. Soils are poorly provided with nitrogen nutrition, potassium provided.

The results about study of irrigation erosion (during sprinkling) on irrigated soils in foothill zone of the Ili Alatau are presented in the paper. As well as are given an estimation of water-stable aggregates, additionally, were set qualitative parameters of changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils under irrigation.

In article is given a qualitative and quantitative structure of microorganisms irrigated gray soils light Maktaaral district of the South Kazakhstan region. The main physiological groups of bacteria, actinomycetes, microscopic fungi. The change in the number of microorganisms according to the degree of salinity and making a biological preparation is studied.

In this paper are given the results of investigation the enzyme activity of soils of vertical zonation in the Kukart watershed of Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan.

The data concerning the effect of different tillage methods (minimum, zero) on the enzymatic activity of soils of southern chernozems of the steppe zone of Kostanai region used for sowing of spring wheat are presented.

On the basis of a 3-year integrated expeditionary field and laboratory analytical studies 2012-2014 identifies sources of soil salinity, the salinity of different types of soils on the territory of two oil fields Kareena and Eastern Gokarna, chemism their profile salinity and dynamics of the salt composition of the soil horizons, the composition hypothetically dominant salts in the profile.

The paper examines the negative impact of the Aral Sea shrinking on the environment, dry bottom of the sea presented a new geographical entity which has a significant impact on the surrounding area and, above all, as a source of the sand and salt aerosols Aral Sea region. The study revealed patterns of salt and dust aerosols transfers to the territory of the republic and the amount of salt and dust aerosols deposited in the irrigated areas are different, depending on the remoteness from the dried bottom of the Aral Sea.

The article provides analytical review of the status of soil fertility in the Republic of Kazakhstan and fertilizer application strategy.

The paper discusses the directions of effective agricultural land management through introduction of innovative technologies. Based on the example of research objects the evaluation of land use for the 5-year period and impact of innovative technologies on results of economic activities has been done. The necessity of using monitoring studies in order to stimulate introduction of innovation technologies has been justified.

In work the role of microfertilizers in agrochemistry is considered. Examples of calculations for optimization of mineral food of crops are given. Diagnostics of requirement and efficiency of microfertilizers is also given in various soils. In article it is described as a various soil cover in combination with climatic conditions defines character and orientations biochemical transformations of microcells in the soil, their gross contents and degree of mobility, availability to plants. The maintenance of microcells in soils of the Omsk region on zones (the steppe, southern forest-steppe, the northern forest-steppe) is considered, and also the maintenance of mobile forms of microcells is provided in soils of the Omsk region. Efficiency of microfertilizers on the ravnokachestvennykh types of soils of the Omsk region which were applied together with mine-kralny fertilizers on the basis of the developed complex PROD system - soil and vegetable expeditious diagnostics is given.