The influence of straw annual use (actual yield of cereals) as a mulch and fertilizer material and also the application of manure (30 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (N₃₀P₃₀N₆₀P₆₀) on humus condition and nutrition regime of rain fed light-chestnut soils under their use in cereal-fallow rotations with pure and cropped fallow rotations under different systems of the basic tillage has been determined.

The article deals with the solution of the problem on the rational use of land resources in Kazakhstan Republic. Modern conditions of chernozemic soils' fertility in the steppe zone of North Kazakhstan are analyzed. The possibilities of soil fertility conservation and increase due to the use of biological techniques under different rotations are shown. The main results of the long-term researches, directed on the development of agro technologies for soil enrichment by organic matter, are presented.

The determination of microorganisms' amount, rate of cellulose decomposition, enzyme activity, activity of C0₂ production and nitrogenous activity of soil are the most demonstrative factors under the evaluation of soil fertility. The data of these researches are the most informative, they reflect the activity of the whole soil micro flora and actual level of biological processes in it, and i.e. as a result the biological activity of chernozems in North Kazakhstan is evaluated.

The data on the long-term field and laboratory experiments of herbicides' influence on soil micro flora in sugar-beet rotation under the conditions of irrigated sierozems and piedmont dark and light-chestnut soils are presented. Herbicides do not negatively influence on the amount and qualitative composition of micro flora and conserve the activity of soil enzymes.

The article deals with the results of the researches on the determination of lead and cadmium mobile forms in the basic ameliorative groups of soils at Akdala massif of irrigation. The background of Pb and Cd content was shown in the basic ameliorative groups of soils at Akdala massif of irrigation. The role of anthropogenic factor in the increase of heavy metal level content in soils was described.

The item of the world financial crisis' influence on the solution of agricultural and ecological problems is discussed in the article. The major part of the article is devoted to the transformation of soil cover in the region adjacent to the Aral Sea under the influence of the Aral Sea shrinkage. The process of the Aral Sea shrinkage has become one of the parts in the global process of desertification. It will be desirable to direct either large investments or any financial opportunities on the solution of these problems.

The results of soil science researches associated with the evaluation of anthropogenic aridization influence on soil cover transformation in the eastern part of Kazakhstan PreAralye are given in the article. The tendencies of soil cover transformation in the modern delta of the Syr-Darya River and eastern part of the Aral Sea dry bottom have been determined on the basis of field expedition researches. The areas of the basic soil types have been calculated on the territory of the modern delta and Aral Sea dry bottom. The transformation of soil cover in the region adjacent to the Aral Sea, its direction in dependence on the changes, occurring in the process of anthropogenic aridization is presented.

The approaches of highcanabiod forms of Cannabis ruderalis control by the differentiated application of herbicides, corresponding to the norms of ecological safety are presented. The solution of the problem is based on herbological monitoring, phytocoenotic condition of Cannabis ruderalis and different herb communities under the diverse soil climatic conditions of sandy grasslands at Moyinkum massif.

The results of the researches on the irrigational erosion of the irrigated lands located on the piedmonts of Transili Alatau, are given. The assessment of aggregates water stability in dark-chestnut soils is presented and the qualitative indices of soils physical and chemical changes are determined under izzigation.

The irrigated sierozems of the north-west part of Golodny steppe are subjected to secondary salinization. Soil washing out reduces salinization of arable and sub-surface soil layer. Soil salinization increases up the initial level by the end of vegetation. The repair of collector-drainage networks for the improvement of irrigated sierozems soil ameliorative conditions is required.

The results of 3 year researches on the development of effective agro technical measures for the demineralization of highly saline soils at cotton growing farms of Makhtaaral region in South-Kazakhstan oblast are given.

The article gives a real view on the exchange process, chemical composition and concentration of soil solutions (without their toilful extraction) and method, that helps to simulate an ion salt complex based on the actual results of water extractions and composition of absorbing complex.

The results of agrochemical and soil survey at the farms of the basic tobacco zone in Kazakhstan Republic (Chilik, Enbekshikazakh region, Almatinsky oblast] are discussed in the article. The results of the researches have shown that the agrochemical soil composition quite corresponds to tobacco biological peculiarities.

A positive influence of cotton rotations' different schemes on water-physical properties and structural soil condition is substantiated in the article. The ways of old irrigated soils' fertility increase in the zone of cotton growing (Kazakhstan part of Golodny steppe) are shown.