This article summarizes the morphological, agrochemical, agrophysical properties of the mountain – brown soils of the areas common in the «Kyzylcha» massifs of the Nurota district of the Navoi region. Geomorphologically, six districts can be distinguished in the studied territories. The main areas under study are located on the middle mountains, located in an area with elevations of 1250–1500 meters above sea level. The soil-forming parodies of this geomorphological area are mainly granites, solonetz, limestones and quartzites. On steep slopes, minor areas are covered with cartilaginous – fine-grained deposits of eluvial, deluvial and proluvial origin. Brown soils are low-power, weakly-carbonate strong-stony, strong-cellular and are not typical representatives of this genetic type. The process of soil formation proceeds on the products of destruction of gravelly -stony deluvium and eluvium and on dense bedrock. Mountain-brown soils in terms of humus content in the soddy horizon is 2,6 %, down the profile its amount gradually decreases. The amount of gross phosphorus in the soddy horizon is 0,120–0,135 %, potassium – 2,017 %. According to the content of exchangeable potassium soils are low provided with 212,1 mg/kg of soil. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus in the sod and under the sod horizon is negligible 4,5–10,0 mg/kg. Along the profile, the CO₂ content of carbonates of the upper horizons does not exceed 3 %. The maximum accumulation of carbonates is noted in the layer 30-45 cm and 100-120 cm, where their content is 9 %. The absorption capacity of the soil is characterized by the amount of absorbed bases and the absorption capacity is 16 - 19 mg/eq per 100 g of soil, which is due to the increase in mineral and organic colloids. The mechanical composition of the soil is dominated by particles of coarse dust (0,05–0,01 mm) and fine sand (0,1 – 0,05), which are contained (43,36–19,48 %). Silty fraction (8,16–12,80 %). Physical clay is in soils (26,26–26,26 %).

This article presents agrochemical and agrophysical characteristics of rain-fed desert soils spread on the upland plains of Nurata district of Navai region. Geomorphologically, it is possible to distinguish a few districts in the studied territories. The main areas under study are located on the plain with absolute heights of 250-400 above sea level. The soil-forming rocks of this geomorphological area are alluvial-proluvial deposits overlain by a sandy layer of Aeolian origin. Desert-sandy soils are characterized by weak differentiation of the profile into genetic horizons. According to the profile, the amount of humus decreases gradually, but its significant content is observed in the upper horizons of 0.35-0.56 %. The content of gross phosphorus in the upper horizon is 0.65-0.80 %. Data the soil is insufficiently provided with waste phosphorus 12.2-12.5 mg/kg. The availability of potassium exchange is low 77.1-132.6 mg/kg. The CO₂ content of carbonates from the surface is low 4.6 %. Down the profile, the percentage of CO2 gradually increases, reaching a maximum at a depth of 40-70 cm 9-10%. In terms of mechanical composition, coarse sand fractions predominate on rainfed desert sandy soils; Particularly, high content of coarse sand fraction (54.20-59.7 %). Silty fraction (4.24-10.5 %). Physical clay is in soils (11.66-20.46 %). Microaggregation is low and at the upper horizons it is up to 2.57 %, and down the profile it increases to 14.5 %. Rainfed-desert sandy soils are characterized by a low absorption capacity, which, according to the sum of absorbed bases, is 4-6 mg / eq per 100 g of soil. The capacity of the agreement depends on the content of organic and mineral colloids, the reaction of the soil solution.

Based on the results of the field studies, the morphological and basic chemical properties of anthropogenically transformed soils within the territory including the vicinity of the city of Kentau and the settlements of Shashtobe, Karnak, Bayaldir, Khantagi, Burgem, Kushata were studied in order to assess the current state of the soil cover. On the basis of the materials obtained, an environmental assessment of the soils state was carried out, the main polluting elements were identified, and the patterns of their distribution were studied.

This article provides information on the microbiological characteristics of gray-brown (chestnut) soils in the semi-humid subtropics of the Lankaran region. The data obtained were analyzed in a comparative aspect for individual biotopes: natural and cultivated irrigated cenosis under cereals. The indicators were compared by the number and group composition of microorganisms. The dynamics of changes in the quantitative indicators of the microbiota for individual soil depths was studied. On the basis of data on the number of microorganisms of individual subtypes of gray-brown soils, graphs characterizing these changes were compiled. It has been established that in these soil subtypes, the average number of microbiota varies from 4.1-3.7 to 1.8-3.4 million/g of soil. In the group composition of microorganisms of natural and cultivated biotopes, bacteria predominate 75.5-74.8 %, actinomycetes, spore-forming bacteria and fungi account for 24.7-24.2 %, respectively; 18.9-24.4 % and 0.3-0.5 %. Changes in the quantitative indicators of microorganisms are closely related to the humus state of the studied soils.

Studies of soil and ecological conditions under rare endangered plants have shown anthropogenic disturbances of soil and vegetation cover, pasture digression, erosion processes in the form of landslides, cliffs, varying degrees of soil washout. Soils under rare, endangered plant species were examined. Morphogenetic features of soils with interpretation of their analytical properties are described. Plants with a description of their morphological and ecological characteristics are given.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the effect of biopreparations “Tumat” and “BioEcoGum” on the humus state of rice-marsh soils of the Bereke farm, Balkhash district, Almaty region. The analysis of the cartographic material showed that the plow horizon of the soils of the Bereke farm is characterized by a very low content of humus, low and, in some places, an average content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen. Variegated content of mobile phosphorus and very low and low content of exchangeable potassium. Based on the materials obtained, it should be concluded that the soils of this farm are degraded in terms of the content of humus, easily hydrolysable nitrogen, mobile form of phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, according to the “Instructions for the implementation of state control over the protection and use of land resources” GD 03.7.0.6.06-96.It has been established that the introduction of bio-ameliorants into low-productive rice-marsh soils leads to an improvement in the quality of humus already by the middle of the growing season, although its amount almost does not change during this period. Under the influence of rice culture, which requires a constant layer of water in the checks during the entire growing season, as a result of the dominance of restored conditions in rice soils after flooding, migration processes are observed, leading to the removal of mobile forms of organic matter and chemical elements from the upper soil horizon to the underlying ones. It was found that the introduction of biomeliorants into the soil and the treatment of seeds with them reduces the solubility of humus, that is, a smaller amount of labile humic substances is washed out from the arable horizon into the underlying ones and by waste waters outside the rice field. Reproduction of the fertility of rice-marsh soils of the Bereke farm should be based on the regulation of not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition of humus. The central link is the optimization of the regime of labile forms of organic matter under cultivated crops of crop rotation through the use of bioameliorants and green manure crops.

The development of agrochemical research is the basis for the rational and efficient use of agricultural land, the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility, and the increase in crop productivity in order to ensure the food security of the country. Improper use of fertilizers can cause degradation of the soil cover, depletion of nutrient reserves in the soil. The process of deterioration of the soil-ecological and ameliorative state of lands, the decrease in soil fertility and crop productivity, which has continued in recent years, requires new decisions to be made in rationalizing the use of fertilizers. In these studies, the effect of various doses of mineral and humic fertilizers on photosynthetic productivity, onion yield and economic efficiency of fertilizer application on ordinary gray soils of the Almaty region was studied. The results obtained showed that in the phase of the beginning of the formation of bulbs, the plants grew from 3,15 to 5,35 t/ha of dry biological mass. At the same time, the maximum leaf area varied within 34,6 – 50,8 m²/ha, and the photosynthetic potential was 1,073 – 1,829 million m²/ha. The highest indicator of gross productivity was noted in the variant with the use of triple doses of nitrogen on the background of double doses of phosphorus and potassium – 83,6 t/ha, as well as when using organomineral fertilizer humic "Tumat" on the background of double doses of complete mineral fertilizer – 82,6 t/ha, and the increase in commercial yield in these treatments to the control (without fertilizers) was 83,1 % and 82,7 %, respectively. The increase in marketable yield from nitrogen fertilizers varied from 20,2 % with their single dose to 58,2 % with a triple dose. It was also found that the use of a triple dose of phosphorus reduced the marketable increase by 6,2 % compared to the use of a double dose, and an increase in potassium doses gave an increase in marketable onions from 21,2 % to 25,2 %. The increase in commercial yield when using the "Tumat" increased by 5,2 % compared to the medium fertilized background, and by 16,8 % compared to the unfertilized variant. The highest economic efficiency of the use of mineral and organomineral fertilizer on onions was established in the variant of the combined application of a triple dose of nitrogen with double doses of phosphorus and potassium (N₁₈₀P1₀₀K₈₀).

The article presents experimental data on the study of the impact of organic humic fertilizer "Tumat" on productivity of soybeans in the conditions of irrigated meadow soils of the Asaka district of the Andijan region. Meadow soils are characterized by a low concentration of humus, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, they are slightly saline, the granulometric composition is medium loamy, the depth of groundwater is 2-3 m. Liquid humic fertilizer "Tumat" is produced from brown coal (leonardite and lignite) and specially prepared water. Contains salts of humic acids, fulvic acids, amino acids, organic salts, organic acids, natural auxins, cytokinins and a number of essential macro- and microelements in a form which is available to plants. The working solution of humic fertilizer was used for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar feeding of plants in the initial period of vegetation in the phases of formation of three true leaves and branching. Pre-sowing treatment increases stress resistance and seed germination. Double foliar feeding of soybean improves soil nutritional regime, increases growth and development, increases the yield of soybean grain from 50 to 90 % with combined use of a bacterial preparation on the background of mineral fertilizers. The use of Tumat fertilizer is considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to increase crop productivity, contributing to a more complete realization of natural potential. According to the results of production tests, the organic humic fertilizer "Tumat" is recommended for widespread use in the irrigated areas of Uzbekistan in growing leguminous crops.