The article deals with the relationship between chemical, physical and optical properties of Mugan Plain soils. It was determined that the integral reflection coefficient with chemical and physical properties of the main soil types of the Mugan Plain was the least in gray-brown and grass-gray soils, 31.09-40.3%, 31.1-38,0 respectively, depending on the profile. The highest amount of 5% was in gray-meadow and swamp-meadow soils and varied between 42.90-50.55% and 39.20-42.00%. Grass-marsh lands, distributed throughout the territory in the form of tala, are distributed in limited areas of the Mugan Plain, mainly in depressions, in places where groundwater is exposed, in the area of the Kura River. Meadow-marsh soils are characterized by a high content of humus and moisture, on which predominantly water-sensitive plants grow. The amount of humus in the upper layer (0-25 cm) reaches 4.05%, which is associated with the annual rotting of a large amount of plant mass. The amount of humus decreases with depth and reaches 0.90% at a depth of 1 meter. This distribution of humus is due to the fact that the bulk of roots and rhizomes are collected in this part of the soil profile. The reason for the lack of roots in the lower layers is the unfavorable air-water regime in the silt layer due to high humidity and a large amount of iron oxide, which negatively affects plants.

In modern agriculture, one of the main tasks is to preserve and increase soil fertility, as well as increase gross crop production. Permanent sowing and irrational land exploitation with a low level of agricultural technology leads to a sharp decrease in soil fertility. In addition, in recent decades, climate change has been associated with uneven precipitation distribution and large fluctuations in daily temperatures due to increased CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere. The ability to manage soil fertility is to regulate soil processes through the use of various methods of tillage, which creates optimal conditions for plant life. Therefore, modern agriculture is faced with the acute problem of reducing the adverse effects of cultivation on soil fertility. In this regard, it is necessary to use land rationally, increase soil fertility in order to obtain high and sustainable yields of crops and the highest output per unit area with the least labor and material resources. The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of various methods of tillage and the impact on their water-physical properties in conditions of unstable moisture in the Bogary region of Southeastern Kazakhstan. The main direction in solving this problem was the use of various methods of tillage. The main direction in solving this problem was the use of various methods of tillage. According to the research results, the average yield of buckwheat grain in the ploughing variant was 19.9 c/ha, minimum tillage was 15.8 c/ha, and zero tillage was 18.1 c/ha. The average yield of lentils over the three years of research was in the range of 11.2-15.3 kg/ha, which ensured a high yield of lentil grain when plowing by 20-22 cm, with minimal tillage – 13.3 kg/ha, and with zero tillage, the yield was 11.2 kg/ha. It has been established that the improvement of agrophysical soil indicators in the rain forest in the south-east of Kazakhstan depends on the use of various methods, including minimum and zero tillage.

This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of vermicompost for stabilizing heavy metals in soils affected by anthropogenic pollution, with the goal of reducing their bioavailability and preventing translocation into agricultural fodder crops (clover, alfalfa). Vermicompost, rich in humic acids, promotes the formation of stable chelate complexes with heavy metal ions (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd), reducing their mobility by 30-40%. These chelate compounds effectively prevent the biotransformation of metals into forms more accessible to plants, thereby contributing to the long-term Phyto stabilization of contaminated soils. The inclusion of vermicompost enhances the soil’s sorption capacity, helping to prevent the vertical and horizontal migration of toxic elements and decreasing their bioaccumulation in the tissues of both clover and alfalfa. Based on the experimentally obtained results, the potential of vermicompost as an environmentally safe remediation method is demonstrated, contributing to the long-term preservation of soil fertility and ecological balance. The application of this method may become an effective strategy for sustainable agroecosystem management and reducing environmental risks in the context of heavy metal contamination.

The article describes the ecological state of the soil under conditions of soil and drip irrigation sown with sugar beets. The studied irrigated soils have a predominantly light sand grain size distribution. Analytical studies show that of 13.8-51.5%, the majority of microaggregates are in the large dust fraction, from 57.7% to 12.5% - in fine sand, the rest are fine dust and sedimentary fractions. Humus results showed low and very low soil humus: soils are moderately provided with mobile forms of nitrogen, low phosphorus and potassium. The soil of the study object is slightly alkaline and alkaline. The results of the soil classification of erosion hazard showed that the soil of the site under conditions of rusty irrigation belongs to hazard class 2, i.e. the erosion hazard is weak (the output of the solid part is 4.1-5.3 t/ha per year.

The article presents the results of a study of various doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers on old-irrigated saline gray soils of the Shaulder massif in the Turkestan region on corn grown for grain, to optimize the mineral nutrition of plants and model the formation of biomass and yield. An analysis was made of the dynamics of accumulation of raw biomass and the formation of yield, as well as the economic efficiency of using fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) for corn grain on saline gray soils.  The study was based on the principles of multivariate field experiments using stepwise regression analysis. Studies have shown that on saline gray soil, the biomass of corn increases with increasing doses of fertilizers, especially nitrogen. Without fertilizers, the biomass of one plant is 328 and 408 g in the flowering and ripening phases, and with maximum doses of N200P150K150, it reached 641 and 907 g, respectively. In the flowering phase, as shown by the regression equation with a high coefficient of determination (R²=0.963), there is a positive effect of nitrogen and phosphorus, with the former having the greatest effect, and the effect of potassium was insignificant (P>0.05). Processing the results for the ripening period made it possible to obtain a multiple regression model with a high coefficient of determination (R²=0.979), confirming that fertilizers are responsible for 98% of the variability of biomass in the ripening phase, where all three nutrients in unilateral action and nitrogen in interactions with potassium have a positive effect influence. The regression equation describing the dependence of corn grain yield with high accuracy (R²=0.979) indicates the leading positive role of nitrogen and phosphorus, but the interaction of nitrogen with potassium had a negative effect on productivity. The yield in the variant without fertilizers is 6.3 t/ha, and in the variant with doses of N200P150K150 - 13.0 t/ha, while the cob length is 16.2 and 23.9 cm, width is 4.2 and 5.2 cm , the number of grains in the cob is 375 and 593 pieces, the weight of 1000 grains is 303 and 427 g, respectively. A regression model with a high coefficient of determination (R²=0.849) shows that phosphorus stimulates grain formation, and excess nitrogen can reduce it against the background of the toxic effect of soil salinity. The most economically beneficial are moderate doses of fertilizers - N120P90K0 and N160P120K30, which provide a balance of yield and costs with a profitability of 119 and 107%, respectively. The maximum income (1167 thousand tenge/ha) obtained when applying doses of N200P150K150 is accompanied by high costs (699 thousand tenge/ha). Thus, moderate doses of fertilizer are more effective in increasing corn yield on saline soils.

This study presents the results of research on the impact of fine fraction zeolite from the Shankhanai deposit on the yield and quality of Samaladay tomato fruits cultivated in the dark chestnut soils of southeastern Kazakhstan during 2023–2024. It has been established that the use of zeolite helps to increase yields, improve product quality and increase profitability. The control group (no fertilizers) yielded 22.3 tons per hectare, while treatments with zeolite and fertilizers showed increased yields. The maximum yield increase of 6.7 tons per hectare was achieved with 2 tons of zeolite combined with N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀ fertilizers. Increasing fertilizer doses raised the dry matter content in tomato fruits from 4.93% in the control group to 5.46% with zeolite and double doses of mineral fertilizers, with a slight increase in sugar content. Mineral fertilizers increased nitrate levels in tomato fruits, ranging from 61 to 78 mg/kg compared to the control (68 mg/kg), while zeolite application reduced nitrate levels by 7 mg/kg relative to the control. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the 0–20 cm soil layer under tomato cultivation in the control group was 2.50, 0.70, 1.20, and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. Zeolite application contributed to the reduction of these levels due to its ability to bind heavy metals and decrease their availability to plants. The analysis showed that using zeolite in tomato cultivation on dark chestnut soils increased yield by 3.1 tons per hectare and provided a profitability of 64% due to low costs, whereas combining zeolite with mineral fertilizers increased yield by 5.7–6.7 tons per hectare but reduced profitability to 42%.

The efficiency of resource-saving technologies, which depends on a set of interrelated factors: crop rotation with a certain set and alternation of spring barley, a system of agricultural machinery, a combination of primary and presowing soil cultivation taking into account local natural and climatic conditions, the phytosanitary condition of fields, the balance of mineral nutrition elements of plants in the soil, etc. In this regard, at present, a very urgent task is to increase the yield of spring barley while simultaneously reducing the costs of its production, through the use of resource-saving cultivation technology, including minimizing soil cultivation, using combined agricultural machines and tools. It has been proven that the applied soil cultivation systems and methods of chemical plant protection not only contribute to the saving of resources, but also ensure the production of environmentally friendly products. The aim of the study was a comparative agrotechnical assessment of traditional and resource-saving (minimum and zero) technologies for cultivating spring barley in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. Our scientific research is based on maximum concentration and efficient use of all material and technical resources, as well as on the wide application of the latest scientific achievements and advanced experience in the technology of spring barley cultivation. As a result of our research, the agroecological efficiency of resource-saving soil cultivation technology for growing spring barley in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region was established.