Use of in termediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green crops to improve the ecological and food security of the country

   The article considers the prospects for the introduction of intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure plants as green fertilizers in the structure of sown areas of agricultural enterprises of the Kyrgyz Republic, conducting irrigated agriculture. The studies of intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure plants tested in Kyrgyzstan are relevant and are of theoretical and practical interest for the country's agro-industrial complex and serve to fully ensure food security of the country. Thus, fresh phytomasses of stubble green manure in the soil leave 165.07-343.61 kg/ha of nitrogen, 12.57-24.71 kg/ha of phosphorus and 105.43-237.28 kg/ha of potassium, which create a positive balance of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and act as green fertilizers. The supply of fresh plant masses of winter, post-harvest and early spring intermediate crops of green manure plants does not occupy additional arable land and is an economically and environmentally beneficial innovative agricultural technology. Fresh green mass of the studied intermediate green manure crops has narrow carbon to nitrogen ratios and provides an increase in the biological activity of the soil and promotes faster mineralization of plant residues in the soil, since the consortium of soil microorganisms actively responds to the fresh supply of green fertilizers, improving the ecology of soils, which is accompanied by a positive restructuring of the microbial consortium and its functional activity. An increase in the microbiological activity of soils is accompanied by replenishment of soil organic matter and the release of easily digestible forms of nutrients, which serve to increase the yield of agricultural crops. It is advisable to place intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure crops in fields where row crops (potatoes, vegetables, beans, sugar beets, etc.) are repeatedly or monoculturally cultivated. They introduce plant diversity into the structure of crop areas, which improves the phytosanitary condition of irrigated arable land, and also enriches the soil with fresh phytomass and can stop the degradation of soil fertility of irrigated arable land, which is observed everywhere today. The introduction of winter, stubble and early spring intermediate green manure plants into the structure of crop areas of agricultural enterprises in the Kyrgyz Republic meets the requirements of organic farming for obtaining environmentally friendly products of agrocenoses and the sowing areas of intermediate green manure should be increased everywhere.

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