Current state of soil fertility SPK «Asia agro group» of Shaulder irrigation massif of Turkestan region

The article presents the results of a study of the current state of soil fertility of the SEC Asia Agro Group of the Shaulder irrigation area of the Turkestan region. It has been established that the limiting factor in the yield of SPK «Asia Agro Group» is the content of humus and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen. This is due to the mineralization of humus and the need to compensate for it through the additional application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, it is necessary to increase the nitrogen content in the soil by introducing perennial grasses into the crop rotation, because after them, over time, the humification process significantly intensifies. The data obtained showed that, due to a sharp drop in the volume of use of phosphorus fertilizers, the area of arable land with increased, high and very high provision of mobile forms of phosphorus was only 26.1% of the surveyed 300 hectares, while the area of soil with medium, low and very low content was 73.9%. This indicates the dependence of the content of this form of phosphorus on the application of fertilizers, and given the diversity of farm fields in the content of this element, it is necessary to apply doses of phosphorus fertilizers calculated taking into account the content of phosphorus in the soil strictly according to the cartogram.A relatively favorable situation is observed in terms of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soils of the farm, as evidenced by the rather high gradation of the content of this form of this element. 85.2% of the surveyed area had a high and very high supply of this form of potassium. Consequently, taking into account the state of soil fertility of SPK «Asia Agro Group», a mandatory method that ensures the formation of stable yields is the use of fertilizers, adherence to scientifically based crop rotations, leaving stubble and root residues and other agricultural practices. It must be remembered that as plant residues decompose, the quantitative and qualitative composition of organic substances and nutrients in the soil changes. The chemical composition of decomposing plant residues has a great influence on the accumulation of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil helps to increase the resistance of crops to adverse environmental factors. This is especially important due to climate change. 

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