Development of an information database of saline and wetlands in semi-desert and dry steppe zones of Abai, Pavlodar and Karaganda

In this article, the authors have developed and used soil morphogenetic indicators in the course conducted ground field work to determine saline and waterlogged soils in the semi-desert and dry steppe, zones of the Abay, Pavlodar and Karagandy regions of Kazakhstan.  In Kazakhstan, there are no practical and scientific provisions for monitoring and managing saline and waterlogged soils based on digital technologies.  This development makes it possible to determine the location of such lands depending on the location of soil and climatic zones.  And also, the development of a cartographic model of these soils with the determination of the degree of their salinity makes it possible to develop recommendations for their development (improvement) with the subsequent preservation of productive longevity.  The study of the current state of saline and waterlogged soils was carried out through field work along routes covering the territory of 3 administrative regions of the republic. Descriptions of the state of soils were carried out at 28 base points. A database of saline and waterlogged soils of the semi-desert and dry steppe (latitudinal), zones has been compiled, including the following indicators:  soil type and subtype, profile morphology, content of humus and nutrients, water-soluble salts, particle size distribution, absorbed bases, and cation exchange capacity.

1. Kaldybaev S., Abdіrahymov N., Bektaev N., Abdraim G. Kazakstannyn sholeit zhane kurgak dala aimaktarynyn degradaciyalangan zhaiylymdaryn bagalau, olardyn geoakparattyk zhuiesіn kurastyru // Gylym zhane bіlіm, 2022. – Tom 2. - №1 (66). – B. 67-76.

2. Yerzhanova K., Abdirakhymov N., Bektayev N., Abdraim G. Soil indicators in degraded pastures of foothill semi-desert and desert zone of Kazakhstan // Science and ed-ucation, 2022. – Vol.2. - №1 (66). – P. 12-21.

3. Svodnij analiticheskii otchet o sostoyanii i ispolzovanii zemel Respubliki Kazahstan za 2020 year. Nur-Sultan, 2021. – P. 102-104.

4. Report on the creation of a database of wetlands and saline lands of Kazakhstan for Almat, - 2022. - P. 7-8.

5. Kaldybaev S. Zasolennye pochvy Kazahstana i ih melioraciya Uchebnik, Almaty, 2014. –484 p.

6. Kaldybaev s. Kazakstannyn tuzdy topyraktary zhane olardy melioraciyalau Аlmaty Izdatelstvo IP «Centr Operativnoi Poligrafii», 2016. – 502 p.

7. Nurseitov Zh.T., Kaldybaev S. Adaptivno-landshaftnaya sistema melioracii v Kazah-stane (teoriya, metodologiya, praktika) / Pod obshchei redakciei akademika ASKHN RK doktora s-h nauk Kaldybaeva S. Monografiya. – Almaty, 2020. – 272 p.

8. Lusevics L. Seasonal changes of permanent wilting coefficient in some selected tropical soil, «Common Soil Sci. and Plant anal». - 1980.– P. 843-853.

9. Wilson L.C. Time of sompling after an irrigation to determine field capacity of soil, «Canad Soil Sci», 1965. – 45 p.

10. Borovskii V.M. Geohimiya zasolennyh pochv Kazahstana. Moskva. Izd-vo «Nauka». 1978.- 190 p.

11. Glazovskii N.F. Izbrannye trudy. T. 1-2. Rossijskaya Akademiya nauk. 2006. – 535 p.

12. Mazikov V.M. Distancionnaya diagnostika svoistv pochv i pochvennogo pokrova// Dissertaciya na soiskanie stepeni doktora geograficheskih nauk. Moskva, 2001. – 222 p.

13. Wu J., Vincent B., Yang J., Bouarfa S., Vidal A. 2008. Remote Sensing Monitoring of Changes in Soil Salinity: A Case Study in Inner Mongolia, China. // Sensors, P. 7035-7049.

14. Khan N.M., Rastoskuev V.V., Shalina E.V., Sato Y. 2001. Mapping salt-affected soils using remote sensing indicators – a simple approach with use of GIS IDRISI. // 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing. 5-9 November 2001, Singapore.

15. Al-Khaier F. 2003. Soil Salinity Detection Using Satellite Remote Sensing. // PhD Thesis. International Institute for Geo-information Sceince and Earth observation. Ensche-de, the Netherlands. 61 p.

16. T. Tazabekov i dr. Praktikum po pochvovedeniu. Vypusk IV. Alma-ata 1970. - 116 p.

17. Chavez, P. S. Jr, 1988. An Improved Dark-Object Subtraction Technique for Atmos-pheric Scattering Correction of Multispectral Data. Remote Sensing of the Environment, №24. – P. 459-479.

18. Chavez, P. S. Jr, 1989. Radiometric Calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper Multi-spectral Images. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55(9). – R.1285-1294.

19. Klassifikaciya i diagnostika pochv SSSR.Kolos.1977. - 175 p.

20. Osnovnye diagnosticheskie pokazateli pochv ravninnyh, gornyh i predgornyh ter-ritorii. Alma-Ata. 1989-1995. - Tom I i II.