Modern reclaim state of irrigated soils and the method of its study on the example of APC «Azia Agro Group»

In arid and semi-arid regions, including the irrigated areas of the SyrDarya River basin in the southern part of Kazakhstan, due to excessive soil salinization the area of land classified as "abandoned" or "virgin lands" is growing. This causes significant daily socio-economic and environmental issues. Currently, 236.9 thousand hectares, or 15.2% of the 1.55 million hectares, have been removed from circulation due to the deterioration of the irrigated arable land reclamation condition in Kazakhstan's four southern regions. In this regard, it is first and foremost economically viable to identify solutions to the salinity and its spatial distribution problems, and it is also crucial to carefully study their rational application by GIS, which is much more effective than conventional research methods. The main goal of this research was to conduct field studies to assess the current state of reclamation of irrigated soils of the APC “Asia Agro Group”, map soil salinity by high-precision interpolation, and compare the methods of interpolation by the method of IDW and OK. For this, soil samples were collected from layers of 0–20 cm, 20–50 cm, and 50–100 cm per 300 ha of irrigated arable land. The chemical composition of the water extract was used to calculate the degree of salinity and the sodium adsorption coefficient (SAR). The limit of ion toxicity was revealed by statistical analysis techniques after the analysis of sediment data. As a result of the study of soil data, statistical analysis methods were analyzed, showing the limit of ion toxicity threshold. The contours of the saline soils of each layer were then determined by interpolating IDW and OK using the processed soil salinity data from the field survey to generate salinity maps. During the application of these two interpolations, IDW completely covered the values of the chosen mapping points and displayed more thorough salinity contours than the OK interpolation. As a result, in the upper 0-20 cm layer, 224 ha of non-saline, 66 ha of slightly saline, 10 ha of moderately saline, and similar data are obtained for 20-50 cm of soils. In the lower 50-100 cm layer, non-saline - 100 ha, slightly saline - 54 ha, moderately saline - 92 ha and strongly saline - 54 ha, very strongly saline soils were not found.

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