SALT MARSH SOILS AND PROMISING RESERVES OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

The article presents agrophysical, agrochemical, water-physical data of solonchak soils of the Kashkadarya region. The research results showed that the salt content in the salt crust reaches 30.3 % of the solid residue. The composition of water-soluble salts is dominated by magnesium sulfates. In the lower horizons, the distribution of salts is almost united form and their amount is 4-5 % with an increased chlorine content (0.8-1.2 %). Soil-forming rocks for solonchak soils are mainly river terraces and deltas on the proluvium of the piedmont plains, on the alluvium of the bedrocks of the plateau. The essence of the solonchak process lies in the strong salinization of the entire soil-ground layer with a maximum accumulation of salts in its upper part, where they form a puff or crust. The content of salts in the salt crust reaches 30.3 % of the solid residue; magnesium sulfates predominate in the composition of water-soluble salts. The amount of humus in the salt horizon varies over a very wide range from 0.7 to 1.4 %. The thickness of the humus horizon varies from 3 to 59 cm. According to the mechanical composition, solonchaks are heterogeneous, they are divided into light, sandy and loamy soils. Solonchak soils are characterized by low absorption capacity, which reaches 9 mg/eq per 100 g of soil. The absorbed bases are dominated by alkaline earths (the amount of Mg is 82.8 % of the total of absorbed bases, of which Ca accounts for 6.2 %, K – 5 % and Na - 6.0 %).

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