COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS TUMAT AND BIOECOGUM ON THE HUMUS STATE OF RICE-BOGS SOILS

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the effect of biopreparations “Tumat” and “BioEcoGum” on the humus state of rice-marsh soils of the Bereke farm, Balkhash district, Almaty region. The analysis of the cartographic material showed that the plow horizon of the soils of the Bereke farm is characterized by a very low content of humus, low and, in some places, an average content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen. Variegated content of mobile phosphorus and very low and low content of exchangeable potassium. Based on the materials obtained, it should be concluded that the soils of this farm are degraded in terms of the content of humus, easily hydrolysable nitrogen, mobile form of phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, according to the “Instructions for the implementation of state control over the protection and use of land resources” GD 03.7.0.6.06-96.It has been established that the introduction of bio-ameliorants into low-productive rice-marsh soils leads to an improvement in the quality of humus already by the middle of the growing season, although its amount almost does not change during this period. Under the influence of rice culture, which requires a constant layer of water in the checks during the entire growing season, as a result of the dominance of restored conditions in rice soils after flooding, migration processes are observed, leading to the removal of mobile forms of organic matter and chemical elements from the upper soil horizon to the underlying ones. It was found that the introduction of biomeliorants into the soil and the treatment of seeds with them reduces the solubility of humus, that is, a smaller amount of labile humic substances is washed out from the arable horizon into the underlying ones and by waste waters outside the rice field. Reproduction of the fertility of rice-marsh soils of the Bereke farm should be based on the regulation of not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition of humus. The central link is the optimization of the regime of labile forms of organic matter under cultivated crops of crop rotation through the use of bioameliorants and green manure crops.

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