THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS "BIOECOGUM" AND "TUMAT" ON MICROFLORA LIGHT CHESTNUT SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SOY AND SAFLOR

In recent years, anthropogenic impact on the soil has increased in Kazakhstan, which has led to the loss of soil fertility and its degradation: the humus content in the soils has decreased, the area of eroded and contaminated lands has increased, the water-physical, chemical and biological properties have deteriorated, degradation phenomena have arisen. Also, the widespread use of chemicals has had a negative impact not only on the above properties of soils, but also contributed to environment pollution. The solution to these issues to restore and increase soil fertility can be the use of humic fertilizers, the active ingredient of which are sodium, ammonium and potassium humates. The novelty of the research lies in the use of an integrated approach in studying the effect of liquid humic fertilizers on increasing soil fertility, crop yields, as well as obtaining environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the study is the introduction of technology to increase the productivity of crops using humic fertilizers. One of the objectives of this study was to study the change in the number of microorganisms in the light chestnut soil under the influence of liquid humic fertilizers "BioEcoGum" and "Tumat". The results obtained showed that in the spring observation period, the total microbial number in the soybean and safflower variants using the studied fertilizers is higher 1,5-3,68±0,2*10^-6 КОЕ/ml than in the control variants on KAA and by 0,2-1,38±0,3*10^-6 КОЕ/ml on MPA. In the summer study period, the greatest effectiveness of fertilizers is noted in the cultivation of soybeans, where the amount of microflora (MPA) is 1,23-1,32±0,1*10^-6 КОЕ/ml above control. The lowest GMN on MPA was detected in the safflower variant when using Tumat and amounted to 1,08±0,1*10^-6 КОЕ/ml., which is 2,11±0,1*10^-6 КОЕ/мл./ml. lower than the option without treatment. On KAA and Chapek medium, the use of liquid fertilizers had a lowering effect on the activity of soil microflora. In the variants of GMN soybeans by 0,13-0,17±0,17*10^-3 КОЕ/ml below control, in safflower variants - by 0,53-1,12±0,17*10^-3 КОЕ/ml. This fact may indicate a good phytosanitary condition of crops, since fungi are pathogens of various plant diseases. The positive effect of liquid fertilizers "BioEcoGum" and "Tumat" on the content of ammonifiers and actinomycetes, which are activators of soil processes, was established. The number of microscopic fungi in the experiments was low, which is characteristic of the predominance of the processes of accumulation of organic substances over decomposition, and as a result of the use of fertilizers, the amount of this group decreased even more. Also, the predominance of actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces was revealed (from 20 to 30 %) the presence of which can serve as an indicator of the entry into the soil of hard-to-degrade organic matter.

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