INFLUENCE OF HUMIC FERTILIZER "BIOECOGUM" ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY

At present, in all regions of Kazakhstan, there is a decrease in soil fertility, a decrease in the content of organic matter and basic nutrients, the development of salinization processes and a deterioration in the soil reclamation state of soils. This is primarily due to a decrease in the use of organic and mineral fertilizers, failure to comply with science-based crop rotations. The development and implementation of biological techniques that improve the agromeliorative state of irrigated lands is an urgent direction in the development of agriculture. The possibility of using biological products with a complex effect and the ability to stimulate plant growth is being actively studied. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of seed treatment and foliar feeding with humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» on the quality indicators of winter wheat grain. The grain quality of winter wheat was determined according to Gosstandart 9353-90. Biochemical indicators of winter wheat grain quality: protein, starch, gluten, gluten in flour and gluten index. Field studies were carried out in 2018-2020. on the experimental fields «Agropark Ontustik» in the Karasai district of the Almaty region. The object of the research is light chestnut soils, winter wheat cultivar «Steklovidnaya 24». Presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a solution of liquid humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» increases stress resistance and germination of seeds. Double foliar feeding of winter wheat plants enhanced the growth and development of plants, increased the weight of 1000 seeds, grain yield by 36-49 %, compared with the control option (2.29 t/ha). Humic fertilization had a significant impact on the quality indicators of grain. The amount of protein in grain in the control variant was 13.6 %, and in the variant with the use of «BioEcoGum», an increase of 2.1 % was noted. According to our data, seed treatment and spraying of winter wheat plants slightly reduced the starch content in the grain to 56.6 %, and also contributed to a decrease in the gluten index in the grain by 14 %. Based on the results of the production tests carried out, the liquid humic fertilizer «BioEcoGum» is recommended for widespread introduction in the southern regions of Kazakhstan in the cultivation of grain crops.

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