CHANGES IN THE SOIL FERTILITY OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE ILI ALATAU DEPENDING ON ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES

The article presents the results of surveys of several types of vertical zoning soils in the foothills of the Ili Alatau. It is shown that in the process of agricultural use indicators of soil fertility (black, light, dark chestnut) foothill zone of the ili Alatau (particle size distribution, content of humus, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, mobile forms, carbonates) are the notable changes compared to virgin counterparts, especially in the upper layers. The results of the studies showed that the use of dark chestnut soils for a long time led to a noticeable decrease in the main indicator of fertility – humus on arable land of 1,04 % compared to virgin analogues, and on chernozem soils this indicator on arable land compared to virgin analogues was reduced to 1,47 %. In the studied soils, the composition of the absorbed bases is dominated by Ca and Mg cations. In dark chestnut soil in the upper layers of arable land, the share of Ca is 80,6 %, and Mg is 16,1 %, in natural conditions (virgin land) in the upper layers, their share is 77,5 % and 17,0 %, respectively. Even more Ca in the composition of absorbed bases in mountain chernozem, where in the conditions of arable land in the upper layer its content was 92 %, and Mg 5,3 %, in the conditions of virgin land the content of Ca and Mg varied 83,6 and 12,1 %, respectively. With depth, the fraction of the Ca cation gradually decreases, and the fraction of the Mg cation increases.

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