Интеграция фертигации и цифровых технологий для устойчивого производства яблок в полуаридных условиях

Несмотря на благоприятные условия Южного Казахстана, импорт яблок покрывает 57% внутреннего спроса. В 2019–2022 гг. в ТОО «Кентау» (Туркестанская область) исследовалась технология фертигации, интегрированная с мобильным приложением «FertiSmart», на серо-коричневых почвах. Система основывалась на 16-факторном анализе почвы, данных БПЛА, тензиометров и коэффициента динамической иммобилизации и корректировки минерализации (DIMA). Применение минеральных удобрений по приложению «FertiSmart» повысило урожайность до 30.6 т/га (против 24.7 т/га при почвенном внесении и 13.6 т/га в контроле), товарность — до 93.9%, содержание сахара — до 24.1% Brix, твёрдость плодов — до 78.5 Н. Выщелачивание питательных веществ снизилось на 20–30%, эффективность использования воды возросла на 5–10%, содержание гумуса стабилизировалось на уровне 2.12%. Затраты на удобрения сократились на 15–20%, а усвоение N, P и K растениями составило 92.3%, 48.6% и 87.4% соответственно. Предложенная модель повышает продуктивность, устойчивость и экологическую эффективность производства яблок, способствуя продовольственной безопасности и устойчивому развитию сельского хозяйства Казахстана. 

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