METHODS OF TILLAGE AND THEIR EFFECTIVE NESSIN THE RATIONAL USE OF ARABLE LAND

In modern agriculture, one of the main tasks is to preserve and increase soil fertility, as well as increase gross crop production. Permanent sowing and irrational land exploitation with a low level of agricultural technology leads to a sharp decrease in soil fertility. In addition, in recent decades, climate change has been associated with uneven precipitation distribution and large fluctuations in daily temperatures due to increased CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere. The ability to manage soil fertility is to regulate soil processes through the use of various methods of tillage, which creates optimal conditions for plant life. Therefore, modern agriculture is faced with the acute problem of reducing the adverse effects of cultivation on soil fertility. In this regard, it is necessary to use land rationally, increase soil fertility in order to obtain high and sustainable yields of crops and the highest output per unit area with the least labor and material resources. The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of various methods of tillage and the impact on their water-physical properties in conditions of unstable moisture in the Bogary region of Southeastern Kazakhstan. The main direction in solving this problem was the use of various methods of tillage. The main direction in solving this problem was the use of various methods of tillage. According to the research results, the average yield of buckwheat grain in the ploughing variant was 19.9 c/ha, minimum tillage was 15.8 c/ha, and zero tillage was 18.1 c/ha. The average yield of lentils over the three years of research was in the range of 11.2-15.3 kg/ha, which ensured a high yield of lentil grain when plowing by 20-22 cm, with minimal tillage – 13.3 kg/ha, and with zero tillage, the yield was 11.2 kg/ha. It has been established that the improvement of agrophysical soil indicators in the rain forest in the south-east of Kazakhstan depends on the use of various methods, including minimum and zero tillage.

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