Cultivation technology and fertilizer application system as a way to reduce the variability of spring wheat yield

   The article presents the results of a study on the effect of mineral fertilizers on reducing the variability of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under various hydrothermal conditions. Wheat was grown in a crop rotation with traditional and no-till technology of soil cultivation on southern carbonate chernozem with a pea predecessor. It was established that the
maximum content of productive moisture in the meter-thick soil layer before sowing wheat after peas was observed in 2019, its amount with traditional technology was 163,6 mm, with zero technology – 180 mm, the minimum in 2020 was 112,4 and 84,5 mm, respectively. The maximum yield of spring wheat in the unfertilized version was obtained in 2019 – 25,4 c/ha with traditional technology and 22,3 c/ha with zero technology. The minimum yield was noted in 2022 – 14,1 and 8,8 c/ha, respectively. The use of ammophos (P20) in rows during sowing provided an average increase in the wheat grain yield for 2018-2022 with traditional technology by 3.1 c/ha (control 19,2 c/ha). Surface application of ammonium nitrate (in autumn or spring) together with ammophos significantly increased wheat yield by another 3,0-3,3 c/ha. With no-till technology, ammophos increased grain harvest by 3,5 c/ha (control 15,8 c/ha), additional application of ammonium nitrate provided a similar effect. Under traditional technology, the lowest variability in spring wheat yield was obtained in the variant with annual pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of P20 (19,0 %). With no-till technology, the variation coefficient was high in all variants, especially pronounced in the variant with row application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30–47,3 %.

1. Mamirova K. N. Fizicheskaya geografiya Kazahstana // Almaty. Қyzdar universitetі. – 2013. – S. 34-35.

2. Cherednichenko A. V., Cherednichenko V. S. Klimaticheskie kolebaniya temperatury i osadkov v Severnom Kazahstane // Vestnik VGU. Seriya: Geografiya. Geoekologiya. – 2019. – № 2. – S. 17-31.

3. Demchuk E. V., Soyunov A. S. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya sel'skohozyajstvennyh kul'tur // Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – 2016. – № 2 (22). – S. 242-246.

4. Bajsholanov S.S., Bajbazarov D.K. Vliyanie izmeneniya klimata na urozhajnost' yarovoj pshenicy // Gidrometeorologiya i ekologiya. – 2023. – №1. – S. 16-23.

5. Fedyushkin A. V. Vliyanie mineral'nyh udobrenij i gidrotermicheskih uslovij perioda vegetacii na urozhajnost' i kachestvo zerna yarovoj pshenicy // Nauchnyj zhurnal Rossijskogo NII problem melioracii. – 2020. – № 4 (40). – S. 227-240.

6. Bevz S. Ya. Vliyanie pogodnyh uslovij na biologicheskuyu urozhajnost' yarovoj pshenicy v usloviyah Novgorodskoj oblasti Severo-Zapada Rossii // Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – 2021. – № 91. – S. 28-31.

7. Dobrotvorskaya N.I., Kalichkin V.K., Sorokina O.L. Vliyanie gidrotermicheskih uslovij na urozhajnost' i kachestvo zerna yarovoj pshenicy v lesostepi Novosibirskogo Priob'ya // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. – 2013. – № 12. – S. 16-18.

8. Samarin I.S., Galeev R.R. Osobennosti realizacii biologicheskogo potenciala urozhajnosti yarovoj myagkoj pshenicy v zavisimosti ot meteorologicheskih uslovij lesostepi Zapadnoj Sibiri // Aktual'nye problemy agropromyshlennogo kompleksa : sb. tr. nauch.-prakt. konf. prepodavatelej, aspirantov, magistrantov i studentov Novosibirskogo GAU, Novosibirsk, 21-23 oktyabrya 2019. Novosibirsk: IC NGAU «Zolotoj kolos». – 2019. – S. 34-39.

9. Amanov O. A., Juraev D. T., Dilmurodov S. D. Dependence of Growth Period, Yield Elements and Grain Quality of Winter Bread Wheat Varieties and Lines on Different Soil and Climate Conditions // Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. – 2021. – Vol. 25. – № 6. – P. 5146-5164.

10. Bakker M. M. et al. Variability in regional wheat yields as a function of climate, soil and economic variables: assessing the risk of confounding // Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. – 2005. – Vol. 110. – № 3-4. – P. 195-209.

11. Faghih H. et al. Climate and rainfed wheat yield // Theoretical and Applied Climatology. – 2021. – Vol. 144. – P. 13-24.

12. Luo Q., Kathuria A. Modelling the response of wheat grain yield to climate change: a sensitivity analysis // Theoretical and Applied Climatology. – 2013. – Vol. 111. – № 1-2. – P. 173-182.

13. Semenova E.A., Afanas'ev R.A. Agroekonomicheskaya effektivnost' primeneniya mineral'nyh udobrenij pod yarovuyu pshenicu v usloviyah Zaural'ya // Plodorodie. – 2019. – № 2 (107). – S. 11-13

14. Grinec L.V. Effektivnost' ispol'zovaniya mineral'nyh udobrenij pod zernovye kul'tury na chernozemah obyknovennyh Severnogo Kazahstana v zavisimosti ot ih obespechennosti fosforom : dis. kand. s. - h. nauk: 06.01.04 // Troick, – 2009. – 200 s.

15. Sinclair T. R. Mineral nutrition and plant growth response to climate change // Journal of Experimental Botany. – 1992. – Vol. 43. – №. 8. – P. 1141-1146.

16. Bakaev N.I., Vas'ko I.A. Metodika opredeleniya vlazhnosti pochvy v agrotekhnicheskih opytah // Metodicheskie ukazaniya i rekomendacii po voprosam zemledeliya. – Celinograd. – 1975. – S. 57-80.

17. Vadyunina A.F. Metody issledovaniya fizicheskih svojstv pochv. – Moskva: Agropromizdat, – 1986. – 416 s.

18. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta. – M.: Agropromizdat, – 1985. – 351 s.

19. Savvich V.I. Primenenie metodov matematicheskoj statistiki v pochvovedenii. – M., 1972. – 103 s.

20. Tihonov V.E., Neverov A.A. Prognoz prediktorov mnogomernoj modeli urozhajnosti yarovoj pshenicy dlya ocenki neblagopriyatnyh uslovij vegetacii: vremeni ih nastupleniya, intensivnosti i prodolzhitel'nosti // Byulleten' Orenburgskogo nauchnogo centra UrO RAN. – 2015. – № 3. – S. 1-13.

21. Samofalova I. A. Effektivnost' priemov vneseniya fosfornyh udobrenij pod yarovuyu pshenicu v zavisimosti ot pogodnyh uslovij v Severo-Kulundinskoj stepi Zapadnoj Sibiri // Sel'skohozyajstvennye nauki i agropromyshlennyj kompleks na rubezhe vekov. – 2013. – №. 4. – S. 81-86.

22. Sdobnikova O.V. Usloviya pochvennogo pitaniya i primenenie udobrenij v Severnom Kazahstane i Zapadnoj Sibiri : avtoref. dis. d–ra s. – h. nauk. – M., 1971. – 43 s.

23. GOST 26205-91 Opredelenie podvizhnyh soedinenij fosfora i kaliya po metodu Machigina v modifikacii CINAO.

24. Emel'yanov Yu. Ya. i dr. Effektivnost' doz i sposobov vneseniya fosfornogo udobreniya pri sistematicheskom primenenii pod yarovuyu pshenicu // Plodorodie. – 2013. – № 4 (73). – S. 11-13.

25. Voronkova N.A., Cyganova N.A., Balabanova N.F., i dr. Primenenie azotnyh udobrenij pod yarovuyu pshenicu na lugovo-chernozemnoj pochve v Omskom Priirtysh'e // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo. – 2024. – T. 19. – № 1. – S. 61-75.

26. [Elektronnyj resurs]: Chernakov R.V., Ryaskova O.M., Zajceva G.A. Stepen' uvlazhneniya pochvy v zavisimosti ot pogodnyh uslovij // Nauka i Obrazovanie. Rezhim dostupa; (URL: http://opusmgau.ru/index.php/see/article/view/2215), free.

27. Sрmojlova R. A. Obshchaya teoriya statistiki : Uchebnik. – M.: Finansy i statistika. – 2002. – S. 176-188.

28. Popova L.V., Korobejnikov D.A., Korobejnikova O.M. Statisticheskie metody analiza riskov v sel'skom hozyajstve // Vestnik Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2016. – T. 31. – № 4. – S. 30-34.

29. Belyaev V.I., Sokolova L.V. Izmenchivost' urozhajnosti sortov yarovoj myagkoj pshenicy razlichnyh grupp spelosti v vostochno-kulundinskoj zone Altajskogo kraya // Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – 2015. – № 4 (126). – S. 16-21

30. Mameev V.V. Torikov V.E. Izmenchivost' i prognozirovanie urozhajnosti ozimoj pshenicy v yugo-zapadnoj chasti Central'nogo regiona Rossii (na primere Bryanskoj oblasti) // Agrarnyj vestnik Verhnevolzh'ya. – 2017. – № 1(18). – S. 24-30.