Agrobiological methods of fertility rehabilitation of degraded irrigated lands of the south-east of Kazakhstan

The results of the research open up fundamentally new directions in the use of water resources, in the study of the fertility of saline and secondarily saline lands, in the development of agrobiological and agro-reclamation methods for their improvement, in the development of effective methods for the environmental sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The developed system will significantly reduce costs and allow the widespread introduction of drip irrigation technology over large areas and in many farms in the region. The developed system of irrigated agriculture can be the basis for the adaptation of agriculture in the Ili-Balkhash basin to global climate change with the introduction of a drip irrigation system for rice, diversification of crop production with the introduction of new salt- and drought-resistant crops, and the development of effective methods of amelioration of secondary saline lands. The results of the conducted studies show that in the experimental area under the studied crops, before drip irrigation, there was a slight salinity. Thus, the dense residue under crops varies in the arable 0-20 cm layer within 0.15-0.39 %, and in the subarable 20-40 cm layer in the range of 0.13-0.58 %. After drip irrigation, the content of dense residue under the studied crops slightly increased to 0.34-1.48 % in the arable layer to 0.12 -0.88 %, that is, to the level of low and medium salinity. The results of studies on the study of various methods of irrigating rice on takyr-like soils indicate an increase in rice yields with drip irriga tion. In 2021, with drip irrigation with mulching film, the rice grain yield was 38.5 c/ha. The introduction of 100 kg of ammophos during the row sowing of rice increases the grain yield by 42.2 c/ha. With drip irrigation without a film, the greatest efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers is manifested. With double fertilization with irrigation water of 30 kg/ha in the phase of tillering and panicle ejection, the yield of rice increases by 45.7 c/ha. 651-478 c/ha of green mass of Sudanese grass and 325-287 c/ha of sorghum were obtained, with drip irrigation the soybean grain yield was 51.5 c/ha, which indicates the high ameliorative properties of these crops for cultivation on saline and secondarily saline soils of Akdalinsky irrigation array for fodder purposes. The best reclamation crops for cultivation in saline takyr-like soils of the Akdala irrigation array are soybean, Sudanese grass and sorghum.

1. Kvan R.A., Kalashnikov A.A., Paramonov A.I., Kaldarova S.M. Water resources and prospects for their use in irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan // Water economy of Kazakhstan.– 2011. - №3. - P. 15-17.

2. Water resources of Kazakhstan in the new millennium: An overview. - Almaty, 2004. - 132 p.

3. Ibatullin S.R. Water resources of Kazakhstan and opportunities for the development of irrigation// Problems of innovative development of society: the present and the future. - Almaty: "Evero", 2009. - P. 15-35.

4. Ospanbaev Zh. Some results of research on drip irrigation of rice in Kazakhstan// Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference "Scientific and innovative foundations for the development of rice growing in Kazakhstan and foreign countries", dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Kazakh Research Institute of Rice Growing. I. Zhakaeva - "Akmeshit baspa uyi", Kyzylorda, 2012. - P. 351-353.

5. [Electronic resource]. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.rusnauka.com/23D2009/Agricole/50006.doc.htm/, svobodnyj.

6. Seyfi K, Rashidi M. Effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on crop yield and yield components of Cantaloupe. Int.// J. Agric. Biol. - 2007. - No. 9 (2).

7. Methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops. Almaty, 2002. -378p.

8. Guidelines for the control and processing of observations of the phases of development of agricultural crops. cultures, 1982. - P. 150.

9. Bakaev N.M., Vasko I.A. Methodology for determining soil moisture in agrotechnical experiments: Methodology for indicating and recommendations on issues of agriculture. - Tselinograd, 1975. - P. 57-80.

10. GOST 26213-91 Soils. Methods for determining organic matter.

11. Legacy of I.V. Tyurin in modern research in soil science: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Kazan, October 15-17, 2013 - Kazan: Publishing House - Fatherland. - 2013. - 171 p.

12. Ganzhara N.F. Soil science. – Moscow, 2001. -394 p.

13. GOST 26951-86 Soils. Determination of nitrates by the ionometric method.

14. GOST 26205-91 Soils. Determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium by the Machigin method in the modification of TsINAO.

15. Mukha V.D. Workshop on agrosoil science. – M.: Kolos, 2010. – 367 p.

16. Yudin F.A. Methodology of agrochemical research: [According to spec. "Agrochemistry and soil science"]. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: «Kolos», 1980. – 366 p.

17. Armor B.A. Field experience methodology (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). - 5th ed., add. and reworked. – M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. – 351 p.