INFLUENCE OF AGROCLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD ON YIELD OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT AND REMOVAL OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS

The paper presents studies on the effect of various hydrothermal conditions, precursors and mineral fertilizers on the yield and removal of macroelements by spring soft wheat. Wheat was cultivated in crop rotation with zero tillage technology on calcareous chernozem at N.P. A.I. Baraev. It has been established that the maximum content of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil before sowing wheat for peas was observed in 2018 - 130 mm, the minimum in 2020 - 84.5 mm. On wheat sown on flax, the largest amount of productive moisture was noted in 2017 - 125.1 mm, and the smallest in 2012 - 58.9 mm. The maximum yield of spring wheat sown on pea and flax stubble in the control variant was obtained in 2018 - 21.0 and 19.2 c/ha, and the minimum in 2012 - 6.5 and 2.6 c/ha. Peas as a precursor for wheat provided an impact on its yield in comparison with flax stubble only in 50% of the studied years. According to the two predecessors, a significant increase over the four studied years was obtained when ammophos P20 was introduced into the rows during sowing, which, depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season, ranged from 1.1 to 5.7 c/ha. The humidity of the growing season, the predecessor and fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the content of macronutrients in wheat grain. The removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by wheat grain depended on the yield, the level of which was influenced by the weather conditions of the predecessor and fertilizers. The largest removal of macronutrients for the two predecessors and variants of the experiment was noted in 2018, and the smallest - in 2012.

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