Photosynthetic activity and yield of melon at application of fertilizers on light gray soil of different salination degrees in the Turkestan region

   A scientifically based system of fertilizer application is the basis for the development of measures to improve soil fertility and crop yields. The objectives of these studies included the study of the effect of various doses of mineral and humic fertilizers on the accumulation of biomass, changes in leaf area, photosynthetic productivity and yield of melon crop on light gray soil of varying degrees of salinity in the Turkestan region. The results obtained showed that in the flowering phase, melon plants on a slightly saline background increased on average 0,7 t/ha of dry biological mass, while on a medium saline background this indicator was 0,2 t/ha lower. In subsequent phases of growth and development, melon significantly increased its biomass: in the phase of fruit formation and fruit ripening, it reached 1,9 and 3,0 t/ha on a slightly saline background, against 0,9 and 0,8 t/ha on a medium saline background, respectively. The maximum leaf surface of the melon plant was increased by the ripening phase. On average, on a slightly saline background, this indicator reached 16,7 m²/ha, and on a moderately saline background – 16,9 m²/ha. The highest photosynthetic productivity of melon plants was established between the flowering phase and the fruiting phase. On average, during the growing season, this indicator on a slightly saline background was 0,6 g/m² per day higher than on the medium salinity background. The greatest increase in the early yield was noted in the variants with the use of double doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in combination with the BioEcoGum preparation (N2P2K2 + BioEcoGum) – 86,7 %, and the combination of a triple dose of nitrogen with double doses of phosphorus and potassium (N3+P2+K2) made it possible to obtain 84,9 % of the increase in early melon production. The gross yield of melon varied from 13,1 t/ha in the control to 15,1-22,3 t/ha on a slightly saline background, and on a medium saline background it was 9,5 and 10,5-15,6 t/ha, respectively. Melon plants consumed significantly more nitrogen (61,9 % versus 56,1 %) for the formation of a yield unit on a medium saline soil than on a slightly saline soil. At the same time, increased salinity here reduced the absorption of phosphorus and potassium. In general, treatment 11 provided the highest gross income on both backgrounds of salinity, where double doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used in combination with bioorganic fertilizer (N2P2K2 + "BioEcoGum") – 1784,4 and 1246,5 thousand tenge/ha, respectively. It was followed by the treatment 7 – N3+P2+K2 – 1725,0 and 1179,8 thousand tenge/ha and treatment 8 – N2+P3+K2 – 1710,5 and 1200,4 thousand tenge/ha, respectively.

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