SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF AKMOLA REGION

Abstract

The article presents data on the moisture content, , and labile phosphorous in the soil in traditional and organic farming. The authors consider the dependence of spring soft wheat yield on the preceding crop (melilot and wheatgrass), soil fertility elements, and fertilizers. The amount of productive moisture in a meter soil layer did not depend on the farming system but varied depending on the preceding crop. The highest soil moisture accumulation was 137 mm on the melilot variant in two years of research. The farming system, unlike the preceding crop, did not affect accumulation in the soil before sowing wheat. The N-NO3 content on melilot variant was 10.8 mg/kg in the 0-40 cm soil layer in 2018, and 35.6 mg/kg in 2019. This indicator was 2 times lower on the wheatgrass variant for similar periods. The content of mobile phosphorus before sowing in a 0-20 cm soil layer for 2018-2019 varied from 18.6 to 35.0 mg / kg of soil, regardless of the farming system and predecessor, which is a consequence of the heterogeneity of the soil cover. Spring wheat productivity was on average 5.2 and 5.3 c/ha higher in traditional farming than in organic farming over research period. Melilot was a better preceding crop, irrespective of the farming system, where the yield was 23-30% higher compared to the wheatgrass. Key words: spring soft wheat, traditional farming, organic farming, melilot, wheatgrass, phosphorus.