ВЛИЯНИЕ ТОПОСЪЕМКИ НА ПОЧВЕННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ АКТИВНОСТИ УРЕАЗЫ

Основными задачами данного исследования были (i) определение физикохимических своиств шести различных почв (ii) измерение диапазона и степени активности уреазы, (iii) оценка влияния физико-химических своиств почвы на деятельность уре-азы на обеих сторонах реки Чанкыры-Ачисаи в зависимости от рельефа и градиента уклона. В то время как, почвы правобережья реки Ачиджаи образованы на четвертичных аллювиальных отложениях, находящихся на террасе и поиме, почвы левобережья образованы из четвертичного аллювия, аллювиально-коллювиального материала и олигомиоце-новых гипсовых и соляных пластов, расположенных в поиме, террасе и на крутых склонах. Данные о своиствах почв с обеих сторон реки Ачиджаи свидетельствуют о значительных различиях их между собои в соответствии с почвенными процессами, в которых они были сформированы по их ландшафтному положению и исходному материалу. В соответствии с таксономиеи почв были определены 6 различных почв, которые были классифицированы как Entisol, Inceptisol и Mollisol вдоль разреза. Кроме того, было обнаружено, что изменения ландшафта, связанные с эрозиеи и содержанием органических веществ, могут влиять на деятельность почвеннои уреазы как в пределах профиля почвы, так и вдоль различных склонов.

1. Edward, J.C., William, J.W., Thomas, W.S. Robert, R.D. Distribution and Genesis of Soils of the Northeastern United States // Geomorphology. - 1989. - №2. - P. 285-302.

2. Jenny, H. Factors of Soil Formation-A System of Quantitative Pedology. - New York: McGraw-Hill, 1941. - 281 pp.

3. Jenny, H. The Soil Resource. - New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980. - 377 pp.

4. McFadden,L.D., P.L.K. Knuepfer. Soil Geomorphology: The linkage of Pedology and Superficial Processes. In: Knuepfer, P.L.K., McFadden,L.D. (Eds), Soils and Landscape evaluation // Geomorphology. - 1990. - Vol. 3. - P. 197-205.

5. Birkeland, P.W. Soil and Geomorphology. - New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999. 430 pp.

6. Wierenga, P.J., Hendrickx, J.M.H., Nash, M.H., Ludwing, J., L.A. Daugherty. Variation of soil and vegetation with distance along transect in the Chihuahuan Desert // Journal of Arid Environments. - 1987. - №13. - P. 53-63.

7. Shmida, A., T.L. Burgess. Plant growth-from strategies and vegetation types in arid environments. In: Werger, M.J.A (Eds), Soil Reclamation Processes: Microbiological Analyses and applications. - New York: Marcel Dekker, 1988. - P. 83-106.

8. Kizilkaya, R., Bayrakli, B. Effects of N-enriched sewage sludge on soil enzyme activities // Applied Soil Ecology. - 2005. - №30. - P. 192-202.

9. Kennedy, A.C., Papendick, R.I. Microbial characteristics of soil quality // Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. - 1995. - №50. - P. 243-428.

10. Dick, W.A., Tabatabai, M.A. Potential uses of soil enzymes. In: Meeting F.B. (Ed.), Soil microbial ecology: applications in agricultural and environmental management. -New York: Marcel dekker, 1992. - P. 95-127.

11. Bremner, J.M., Mulvaney, R.L. Urease activity in soils. In: Burns, R.G. (Ed.), Soil enzymes. - New York: Academic Press, 1978. - P. 149-196.

12. Soil Survey Staff. Soil Survey Manuel: USDA Handbook. No: 18. - Washington D.C. USA, 1993.

13. Soil Survey Staff. Soil Taxonomy. A Basic of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Survey: USDA Handbook No: 436. - Washington D.C. USA, 1999.

14. Bouyoucos, G.J. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils // Agronomy Journal. - 1951. - №43. - P. 435-438.

15. Nelson, D.W., L.E. Sommers. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Page, L.A., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods (2 nd ed). American Society of Agronomy. - Madison, WI, 1982. - P. 539-579.

16. Soil Survey Staff. Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods of analysis for soil survey Soil Surv. Invest. - Rep. I. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington D.C. USA, 1992.

17. Porta, J. Methodologies for the analysis and characterization of gypsum in soils: a review // Geoderma. - 1998. - №87. - P. 31-36.

18. Hoffmann, G.G., Teicher, K. Ein Kolorimetrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Urease Aktivitat in Boden, Z. Pflanzenernahr // Bodenk. - 1961. - №91. - P. 55-63.

19. McDaniel, P.A., Bathke, G.R., Boul, S.W., Cassel, D.K., A.L, Falen. Secondary manganese/iron ratios as pedochemical indicators of field-scale through flow water movement // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. - 1992. - №56. - P. 1211-1217.

20. Boul, S.W., Hole, F.D., McCracken, R.J., R.J. Southard. Soil Genesis and Classification. - Ames: Iowa state Univ. Press, 1997. - Ed. 4.

21. Hall,G.F. Pedology and geomorphology. In: Wilding, L.P., Smeck, N.E., Hall, G.F. (Eds), Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy: I. Concepts and Interactions. - NY: Elsevier, 1983. - P. 117-140.

22. Rezaei, S.A. and R.J. Gilkes. The effects of landscape attributes and plant community on soil physical properties in rangelands // Geoderma. - 2005. - №125. - P. 145154.

23. Benny, L.A., P.R. Stephens. The Feasibility of Determining the Influence of Arable Land Management on Topsoil Depth. - Aokautere: Soil Conservation Centre Publication, 1985.

24. McIntosh, P.D., Lynn, I.H., P.D. Johnstone. Creating and Testing a Geometric Soil Landscape Model in Dry Steep lands using a Very Low Sampling Density. Australian Journal of Soil Research. - 2000. - №38. - P. 101-112.

25. Power, J.F., Sandoval, F.M., Ries, R.E., S.D. Merrill. Effects of Topsoil and Subsoil Thickness on Soil Water Content and Crop Production on a Disturbed Soil. Soil Science Society of American Journal. - 1981. - №45. - P. 124-129.

26. Kreznor, W.R., Olson, K.R., Banwart, W.L., D.L Johnson. Soil landscape and erosion relationships in northwest Illinois watershed // Soil Science Society of American Journal. - 1989. - №53. - P. 1763-1771.

27. Phillips, D.H., Foss, J.E., Stiles, C.A., Trettin, C.C., Luxmoore, R.J. Soil Landscape Relationships at the Lower Reaches of a Watershed at Bear Creek near Oak Ridge, Tennessee // Catena. - 2001. - №44. - P. 205-222.

28. Gerrard, A.J. Soils and Landforms. An Integration of Geomorphology and Pedology. Allen and Unwin. - 1981.

29. Brubaker, S. C., A. J. Jones, D. T. Lewis, and K. Frank. Soil properties associated with landscape position // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. - 1993. - №57. - P. 235-239.

30. Dahlgeren, R.H., Boettinger, J.L., Huntington, G.L., R.G. Amundson. Soil development along an evlevational transect in the western Sierra Nevada, California // Geoderma. - 1997. - №78. - P. 207-236.

31. Akin, T., Kizilkaya, R. Organic and microbial biomass carbon contents of aggregates in a toposequence of pasture soil // Asian Journal of Chemistry. - 2006. - №18. - P. 1500 - 1508.

32. Gregorich E. G., Anderson, D. W. Effects of cultivation and erosion on soils of four top sequences in Canadian prairies // Geoderma. - 1985. - №36. - P. 343-354.

33. Fu, B.J., Liu, S.L., Chen, L.D., Lu, Y.H., Qiu, J. Soil quality regime in relation to land cover and slope position across a highly modified slope landscape // Ecological Research. - 2004. - №19. - P. 111-118.

34. Bergstrom, D.W., Monreal, C.M., Millette, J.A., King, D.J. Spatial dependence of soil enzyme activities along a slope // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. - 1998. - №62. - P. 1302-1308.

35. Shukla, A.K. B. K. Tiwari and R. R. Mishra. Temporal and depth wise distribution of microorganisms, enzymes activities and soil respiration in potato field soil under different agricultural systems in north-eastern hill region of India // Reve-d' Ecolodie-etde- Biologie-du-sol. - 1989. - №26. - P. 249-265.

36. Zaman, M., Cameron, K.C., Di, H.J., Inubushi, K. Changes in mineral N, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in different soil depths after surface applications of dairy shed effluent and chemical fertilizer // Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - 2002. -№63. - P. 275-290.

37. Speir, T.W., Ross, D.J. Soil phosphatase and sulphatase. In: Burns, R.G. (Ed.), Soil enzymes. - New York: Academic Press, 1978. - P. 198-235.

38. De Luca, T.H. Keeney, D.R. Soluble antrone-reactive carbon in soils: effect of carbon and nitrogen amendments // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. - 1993. - №57. - P. 1296-1300.

39. Leiros, M.C., C. Trasar-Cepeda, S. Seoane and F. Gil-Sotres. Biochemical properties of acid soils under climax vegetation (Atlantic oakwood) in an area of the European temperate-humid zone (Galicia, NW Spain): general parameters // Soil Biol. Biochem. -2000. - №32. - P. 733-745.

40. Kizilkaya, R., Akin, T, Bayrakli, F., Saglam, M. Microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated with heavy metals // European Journal of Soil Biology. - 2004. -№40. - P. 95-102.

41. Doran, J.W. Parkin, T.B. Defining and assessing soil quality, in: J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, B.A. Stewart (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Special Publication. - Madison, USA, 1994. - №35. - P. 3-21.