THE INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM USE OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON THE PHOSPHATE REGIME OF LIGHT CHESTNUT SOIL AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET

The article presents the results of many years of research carried out in long-term experiments on the study of the fertilization system of sugar beet in beet crop rotation and with its permanent cultivation on irrigated light chestnut soil. It is shown that with long-term and systematic use of phosphorus fertilizers against the background of nitrogen-potassium (NK) fertilizers in the soil, a background with different levels of phosphorus supply in the arable and subsoil layers is created. Single, one and a half, double rates of phosphorus fertilizers, systematically applied in crop rotation and with permanent cultivation of sugar beets, not only increase the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer, respectively, to 49,0; 51,9; 59,0 mg /kg of soil, but also the content of the sum of loosely bound and different basic phosphates (CaP_I + CaP_II), the nearest reserves of phosphorus available to plants in crop rotation and in monoculture conditions. Depending on the norms of applied phosphorus fertilizers on sugar beet crops in monoculture, the content of loosely bound and different basic phosphates (CaP_I + CaP_II) increases 94-106 mg/kg and 294-297 mg/kg, and in crop rotation 89-104 and 265-296 mg/kg, respectively. With the improvement of the phosphate regime of light chestnut soil, the yield of sugar beet in monoculture increases 492,8-543,1 c/ha, and in the crop rotation 507,8- 561,6 c/ha. In fertilized variants, the sugar content increases by 16,3-16,7 % and the total sugar harvest from 1 hectare of crops.

1. Anokhin V.S. Fosfornye udobreniya i soderzhaniye podvizhnykh form fosfora v pochvakh Kemerovskoy oblasti// Agrokhimichesky vestnik – 2006. - №3. – S. 30-32.

2. Jiang, M.; Shen, M.X.; Shen, X.P.; Dai, Q.G. Effect of long-term fertilization pattern on weed community diversity in wheat field// Sci. Rep. - 2018. - № 8. P. 1–7.

3. Vincent A.G., Turner B.L.; Tanner E.V.J. Soil organic phosphorus dynamics following perturbation of litter cycling in a tropical moist forest// Eur. J. Soil Sci. – 2010. - № 61. P. 48–57.

4. Mitrofanova Ye.M. Fosfatny rezhim dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy pri dlitelnom primenenii organicheskikh i mineralnykh udobreny// Agrokhimiya – 2014 - № 9 – S. 13-19.

5. Hedley M.J., Stewart J.W.B., Chauhan B.S. Changes in Inorganic and Organic Soil Phosphorus Fractions Induced by Cultivation Practices and by Laboratory Incubations// Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. – 1982. - № 46. P. 970–976.

6. Mehmood A., Akhtar M., Khan K., Khalid A., Imran M., Rukh S. Relationship of Phosphorus Uptake with Its Fractions in Different Soil Parent Materials// Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. – 2015. - № 4, - P. 45–53.

7. Williams A., Bo rjesson, G., Hedlund K. The effects of 55 years of different inorganic fertilizer regimes on soil properties and microbial community composition// Soil Biol. Biochem. – 2013. - № 67. P. 41–46.

8. Borisov V.A. Fosfatny rezhim allyuvialnoy lugovoy pochvy posle 30-letnego primeneniya mineralnykh udobreny v ovoshche-kormovom sevooborote// Agrokhimiya. - 2014. - № 1. – S. 23-26.

9. Zarishnyak A.S. Fosfatny rezhim chernozema opodzolennogo pri dlitelnom primenenii udobreny// Agrokhimiya. – 2014 - № 4 – S. 20-26.

10. Basibekov B.S., Torshina O.B. Balans fosfora v sveklovichnom sevooborote na svetlo-kashtanovoy pochve Yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana. Agrokhimiya. - 1978. - № 8. – S.17-21.

11. Ponomareva A.T. Balans pitatelnykh veshchestv v zemledelii Kazakhstana i uluchsheniye pochvennogo plodorodiya v svyazi s primeneniyem udobreny// Povysheniye produktivnosti pochv Kazakhstana. - Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1980. – S. 11-20.

12. Ponomareva A.T. Produktivnost kormovykh kultur v zavisimosti ot obespechennosti lugovo-kashtanovoy pochvy fosforom, primeneniye udobreny i balansa pitatelnykh veshchestv// Tr. KazSKhI. - 1989. – S. 24-47.

13. Basibekov B.S. Vliyaniye dlitelnogo primeneniya fosfornykh udobreny na fosforny rezhim svetlo-kashtanovoy pochvy i produktivnost kultur sevooborota // Agrokhimiya. - 1975. - № 7. – S. 22-28.

14. Basibekov B.S., Torshina O.B. Balans fosfora v sveklovichnom sevooborote na svetlo-kashtanovoy pochve Yugo-Vostoka Kazakhstana// Agrokhimiya. - 1978. - № 8. – S. 17-25.

15. Basibekov B. S., Torshina O.B. Balans kaliya v sveklovichnom sevooborote na svetlo-kashtanovoy pochve Yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana//Agrokhimiya. - 1981. - № 10. – S.42-49.

16. Yeleshev R.E. Effektivnost razlichnykh form fosfornykh udobreny v usloviyakh Kazakhstana// Spravochnik po primeneniyu udobreny. Alma-Ata: Kaynar. - 1980. – S. 80-83.

17. Yeleshev R.E., Yespolov Ye.I. Urozhaynost sakharnoy svekly pri lentochnom i razbrosnom vnesenii osnovnogo mineralnogo udobreniya// Vestnik selskokhozyaystvennoy nauki Kazakhstana. - 1982. - № 3. – S. 12-14.

18. Yeleshev R.E. Fosfornye udobreniya i urozhay. - Alma-Ata: Kaynar, 1984. – 159 s.

19. Yeleshev R.E., Ivanov A.L. Fosforny rezhim karbonatnykh pochv yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana i ego izmeneniye v svyazi s primeneniyem udobreny//Agrokhimiya. - 1986. - №2. – S. 25-29.