МИКРОМОРФОРЛОГИЯ ЛУГОВО-СТЕПНЫХ МЕЛКИХ СОЛОНЦОВ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

Abstract

Meadow-steppe small saline soils of Northern Kazakhstan have been studied and their genetic features shown at micro level. It was determined that upper saline horizon is characterized by grainy structure of aggregates, presence of organic matter in the form of plant residues in various stages of decomposition, releases soil meso- and micro-fauna and humus, as well as the presence of eluvial sites. It was noted that micro-morphologically saline horizon of solid structure and consists of aggregates-blocks of irregular and angular shape, tightly adjacent to each other and separated by a network of fine cracks. Illuviation process is accompanied by the presence of a streaky, flow and solid optical orientation of clay, appearance of incrustation that fill isolated pores and clay kutans on pore walls. The subsaline horizon is characterized by the presence of carbonate microforms, such as impregnation and efflorescence and appearance of gypsum in pores- cameras. It was determined that the characteristic form of parent rock units are calcareous carbonate round forms - ooids, which apparently have formed from petizised clay material under the influence of bicarbonate solutions or may be a product of erosion of clay deposits.