FERTILITY OF RICE-SWAMP SOILS OF THE AKDALA IRRIGATION MASSIFE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF AF "BYRLYK")

The article presents the results of research carried out in the soils of the rice fields of the Akdala irrigated massif. It was found that more total and water-soluble humus was contained in the turnover of the alfalfa bed than in the bed. This is also the case for easily hydrolysable nitrogen. Determination of the total and water-soluble humus showed that the total humus was most of all in the fields where the precursor was the turnover of the alfalfa layer - 1.4 %. Comparative characteristics of the total nitrogen content over the years shows that its amount remains stable, no sharp changes in the direction of increase or decrease occur.
The crop rotation used in JSC "Birlik" mainly contributes to the maintenance of the natural fertility of the soils of this farm. The optimal level of fertility of a particular soil, as you know, is determined by such a combination of its main properties and indicators, at which all vital factors for plants can be used most fully and the possibilities of cultivated crops can be realized. As our studies have shown, in order to achieve such a combination of properties and indicators, it is not enough to observe crop rotation in crop rotation fields alone. Considerable attention should be paid to increasing the most important indicator of potential soil fertility - the content of humus in them. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a number of agrotechnical and other measures that contribute to the weighting of the mechanical composition of light soils, to achieve the content of mobile nitrogen compounds close to the optimal for rice plants. It is necessary to find ways to increase the biological activity of takyr-like soils, optimize the most agronomically valuable soil properties using various methods and techniques for regulating its fertility.

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