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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz65</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Почвоведение и агрохимия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soil Science and Agrichemistry</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-740X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-3433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51886/1999-740X_2025_2_35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz65-983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Агрохимия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Agrochemistry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математический прогноз влияния минеральных удобрений на продуктивность хлопчатника на сероземах разной степени засоления в условиях Туркестанской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical forecast of the effect of mineral fertilizers on cotton productivity on the gray soils of different salinity in conditions of Turkestan region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амиров</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amirov Bakhytbek Mustafauly – head of the Agrochemistry department, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bak.amirov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2810-2124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Құрманақын</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmanakyn</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kurmanakyn Olzhas Serikuly – analytical-engineer, Department of the Agrochemistry</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.oljas.s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3590-0625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базарбаев</surname><given-names>C. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazarbaev</surname><given-names>C. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bazarbayev Sultan Orazbayevich – junior Researcher, Department of the Agrochemistry, PhD</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sultan-13_01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-8992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жандыбаев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhandybaev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhandybayev Orken – junior Researcher, of the Agrochemistry, PhD Doctoral student</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.orken@yandex.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-2472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеитменбетова</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seitmenbetova</surname><given-names>A. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Seitmenbetova Aksaule Tynysbekovna – leading Researcher of the Agrochemistry department, Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seytmenbetova77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1003-3001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулепбергенова</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulepbergenova</surname><given-names>K. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tulepbergenova Gulzeinet Togatayevna – senior Analytical-engineer of the Agrochemistry department</p><p>050060, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 75 B</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tulepbergenova.g66@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский научно- исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. Uspanova<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Почвоведение и агрохимия</issue-title><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амиров Б.М., Құрманақын О.С., Базарбаев C.О., Жандыбаев О.С., Сеитменбетова А.Т., Тулепбергенова К.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амиров Б.М., Құрманақын О.С., Базарбаев C.О., Жандыбаев О.С., Сеитменбетова А.Т., Тулепбергенова К.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amirov B.M., Kurmanakyn O.S., Bazarbaev C.O., Zhandybaev O.S., Seitmenbetova A.T., Tulepbergenova K.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/983">https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/983</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема засоления почв в южных регионах Казахстана является одной из основных лимитирующих факторов для производства хлопка, при этом рациональное использование удобрений способствует повышению урожайности и улучшению качественных показателей хлопка-сырца. Целью работы является разработка моделирования влияния уровня засоления почвы и доз внесенных удобрений на урожайность и качество хлопка-сырца. Полевые опыты с хлопчатником проведены на сероземах, засоленных в разной степени, на производственных полях крестьянского хозяйства «Сабыр», Мактааральского района, Туркестанской области. Математическая обработка урожайных данных и анализ почвенных образцов проведены согласно общепринятым методикам. Экспериментально установлено, что удобрения повышают продуктивность хлопчатника независимо от уровня засоления почвы, однако их эффективность более выражена на слабозасоленной почве. Максимальный урожай (6,49 т/га) на слабозасоленном сероземе достигнут при внесении N150P100K80, а на среднезасоленной почве (5,41 т/га) – при тех же дозах удобрений. Наименьший прирост урожайности на обоих фонах засоленности почвы наблюдался при применении фосфорно-калийных удобрений - P100K80. Регрессионный анализ выявил, что увеличение суммарных запасов азота (Nt) и калия (Kt) снижает результирующий фактор (Y), однако их совместное действие частично компенсирует этот эффект, в то время как взаимодействие азота с солями (NtS) также уменьшает Y, а высокая точность модели (R = 0,940) подтверждает ее надежность. Корреляционный анализ показал достаточно тесную зависимость между калийным питанием и качеством волокна (r = 0,38-0,62), при этом увеличение калия ухудшило показание прибора в миллиметрах водного столба (r = -0,60), номер метрический волокна       (r = -0,60) и микронейр (r = -0,38), но улучшило разрывную нагрузку (r = 0,61), коэффициент зрелости (r = 0,48) и разрывную длину волокна (r = 0,62). Изменения показателей качества волокна также имели достаточно положительную крепкую связь с суммой солей с пахотного слоя почвы (r = 0,37-0,61). Результаты исследования показали, что на высокообеспеченном подвижным фосфором сероземе азот и калий играют ключевую роль в повышении урожайности хлопчатника, обеспечивая его величину на слабозасоленных сероземах до 6,49 т/га (N150P100K80), а на среднезасоленных – до 5,41 т/га. Экономическая эффективность удобрений варьировалась: на слабозасоленном фоне максимальный условно-чистый доход составил 1352,5 тыс. тенге/га при внесении N150P100K80, а в условиях среднезасоленного фона наиболее эффективным оказалось применение N100P150K80, обеспечившее условно-чистый доход в 1035,8 тыс. тенге/га.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Soil salinization remains a critical constraint for cotton cultivation in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, particularly in the Turkestan region. This study aimed to develop a model quantifying the combined influence of soil salinity levels and mineral fertilizer doses on cotton yield and fiber quality. Field trials were conducted on light gray soils with varying degrees of salinity on the production fields of the "Sabyr" farm, Maktaaral district. Standard agrochemical methods assessed soil properties, crop yield, and fiber quality. Results demonstrated that mineral fertilizers enhanced cotton productivity across all salinity levels, with the most significant yield response observed on slightly saline soils. The highest yield (6.49 t/ha) was recorded with N150P100K80 on slightly saline soils, while medium saline soils produced 5.41 t/ha under the same treatment. Phosphorus-potassium application without nitrogen (P100K80) resulted in the lowest yield gains. Regression modeling revealed a negative relationship between excessive nitrogen and potassium application and yield (Y), although their combined interaction partially offset this effect. Notably, the interaction between nitrogen and salt content (NtS) also negatively affected yield. The regression model demonstrated high reliability (R = 0.940), confirming its predictive accuracy. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate to strong relationship between potassium nutrition and key fiber quality indicators. Increasing potassium doses improved tensile strength (r = 0.61), maturity factor (r = 0.48), and fiber length (r = 0.62), while negatively affecting micronaire (r = -0.38), fiber fineness (r = -0.60), and water column resistance (r = -0.60). Fiber quality also correlated positively with total salt content in the arable layer (r = 0.37–0.61). Economic analysis showed that N150P100K80 was most profitable on slightly saline soils (1352.5 thousand KZT/ha), whereas N100P150K80 was optimal on medium saline soils (1035.8 thousand KZT/ha). These findings underline the importance of site-specific nutrient management under saline conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>засоленность почвы</kwd><kwd>урожайность хлопчатника</kwd><kwd>экономическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>качество волокна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soil salinity</kwd><kwd>cotton yield</kwd><kwd>economic efficiency</kwd><kwd>fiber quality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiter M. S., Reeves D. W., Burmester C. H. Cotton Nitrogen Management in a High‐ Residue Conservation System: Source, Rate, Method, and Timing// Soil Science Society of America Journal. – 2008. – Vol. 72. – №. 5. – P. 1330-1336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiter M. S., Reeves D. W., Burmester C. H. 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