kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740X_2025_2_18kaz65-982Research ArticleЭкология почвSoil ecologyВлияние выпаса скота на деградацию почв горных территории Северного Тянь-ШаняInfluence of cattle grazing on soil degradation in mountain territories of the northern Tien Shanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-4249СадыроваГ. А.SadyrovaG. A.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Sadyrova Gulbanu Aueshanovna - Associate Professor of the UNESCO Department of Sustainable Development, Doctor of Biological Sciences

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 71

gulbanu-s@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0196-3373ШимшиковБ. Е.ShimshikovB. E.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Shimshikov Batyrgeldy Erdenovich - Associate Professor of the UNESCO Department of Sustainable Development, Candidate of Biological Sciences

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 71

bshimshikov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-6622МукановаГ. А.MukanovaG. A.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Mukanova Gulzhanat Amangeldievna - Associate Professor, Department of UNESCO for Sustainable Development, Candidate of Biological Sciences

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 71

gulzhanat.Mukanova@kaznu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-2260ОразбековаК. С.OrazbekovaK. S.

050000, Алматы, пр. Сейфуллина, 458/1

Orazbekova Kuralai - scientific Secretary, PhD

050000, Almaty, Seifullin ave., 458/1

kuralay_orazbekova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-1234БазарбаеваТ. А.BazarbaevaT. A.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Bazarbaeva Tursynkul Amankeldievna - head of the UNESCO Department of Sustainable Development, Candidate of Geographical Sciences

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 71

tursynkul.Bazarbaeva@kaznu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-5288ДжамиловаС. М.JamilovaS. M.

050010, Алматы, пр. Достык, 13

Jamilova Saule Melsovna – senior lecturer, Department of Biology, Master of Natural Sciences

050010, Almaty, Dostyk ave. 13

dsm1750@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-3009ТаныбаеваА. К.TаnybayevaA. K.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Tаnybayeva Ainur Kabdrasulovna - Associate Professor, Department of UNESCO for Sustainable Development, Candidate of Chemical Sciences

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave., 71

Ainur.Tanybekova@kaznu.edu.kzКазахский Национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанJSC «Al-Farabi Kazakh National University»KazakhstanИнститут географии и водной безопасностиКазахстанInstitute of Geography and Water SecurityKazakhstanКазахский национальный университет имени АбаяКазахстанAbay Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan20250907202502Почвоведение и агрохимия1834Copyright © Садырова Г.А., Шимшиков Б.Е., Муканова Г.А., Оразбекова К.С., Базарбаева Т.А., Джамилова С.М., Таныбаева А.К., 20252025Садырова Г.А., Шимшиков Б.Е., Муканова Г.А., Оразбекова К.С., Базарбаева Т.А., Джамилова С.М., Таныбаева А.К.Sadyrova G.A., Shimshikov B.E., Mukanova G.A., Orazbekova K.S., Bazarbaeva T.A., Jamilova S.M., Tаnybayeva A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/982

В статье рассматриваются результаты исследований по изучению деградации почвенного и растительного покрова горных территорий Иле Алатау и хребта Узынкара. Данные геоботанических исследований высокогорных и среднегорных пастбищ Иле Алатау и хребта Узынкара показали доминирование деградации растительного покрова над другими процессами. Почвы горных территорий характеризуются мощностью гумусового горизонта, высоким валовым содержанием гумуса, большими запасами кальция и магния и небольшим содержанием фосфора. Как показали наши исследования, мощность гумусового горизонта исследуемых почв равна 40-60 см, отличаются высоким потенциалом плодородия, однако этот потенциал ограничен такими факторами, как выбитость почвы и степень деградации пастбищ. При этом, с возрастанием деградации пастбищ происходит уменьшение гумусового слоя, снижение содержания гумуса и питательных веществ в почве. Оценка растительных сообществ как индикаторов деградации пастбищ на исследуемой территории показала, что из-за чрезмерного и нерегулируемого выпаса скота растительный покров подвергся антропогенной деградации. Происходит трансформация видового состава растений, снижение продуктивности пастбищных кормов, почв, которая в свою очередь приводит к ухудшению гранулометрических свойств почв: повышение плотности в слое 0-10 см увеличивается на 0,11%, в верхней части профиля смываются ценные илистые частицы, снижается содержание агрегатов и их водопрочность.

The article discusses the results of studies on the degradation of soil and vegetation in the mountainous areas of Ile Alatau and the Uzynkara Range. The data of geobotanical studies of high-mountain and mid-mountain pastures of Ile Alatau and the Uzynkara Range showed the dominance of vegetation degradation over other processes. The soils of the mountainous areas are characterized by the thickness of the humus horizon, high gross humus content, large reserves of calcium and magnesium and a small phosphorus content. As our studies have shown, the thickness of the humus horizon of the studied soils is 40-60 cm, they are distinguished by a high fertility potential, but this potential is limited by such factors as soil trampling and the degree of pasture degradation. At the same time, with an increase in pasture degradation, there is a decrease in the humus layer, a decrease in the content of humus and nutrients in the soil. The assessment of plant communities as indicators of pasture degradation in the study area showed that due to excessive and unregulated grazing, the vegetation cover has been subjected to anthropogenic degradation. There is a transformation of the species composition of plants, a decrease in the productivity of pasture forages, soils, which in turn leads to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of soils: an increase in density in the 0-10 cm layer increases by 0.11%, valuable silt particles are washed away in the upper part of the profile, the content of water-stable aggregates and their water resistance decreases. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.