kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740X_2024_3_72kaz65-889Research ArticleАгрохимияAgrochemistryОптимизация минерального питания яблони путем фертигации для повышения продуктивности и качества плодов в интенсивных садах южного КазахстанаMineral nutrition optimization for apple trees by fertigation to enhance productivity and fruit quality in intensive orchards of southern KazakhstanЖандыбаевO.ZhandybayevO.

050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В, Казахстан

Zhandybayev Orken Serpinuly - Junior Research Fellow of agrochemistry department, Ph.D. student

050060, Almaty, al-Farabi avenue, 75 B, Kazakhstan

mr.orken@yandex.kzАмировБ.AmirovB.

050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75 В, Казахстан

Amirov Bakhytbek Mustafauly - Head of agrochemistry department, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor

050060, Almaty, al-Farabi avenue, 75 B, Kazakhstan

bak.amirov@gmail.comМалимбаеваА.MalimbayevaA.

040909, Алматинская область, с. Алмалыбак, ул. Ерлепесова, 1, Казахстан

Malimbayeva Almagul Zhumabekovna - Head of laboratory of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, candidate of Agricultural Sciences

040909, Almaty, Almalybak village, Erlepesov street, 1, Kazakhstan

malimbaeva1903@yandex.ruБаматовИ.BamatovI.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер., д.7 стр.2, Россия

Bamatov Ibragim Musaevich - Deputy Director, candidate of biological sciences

119017, Moscow, Pyzhevskiy lane,7, Russia

ibragim-1991@mail.ruКазахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. УспановаКазахстанKazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. UspanovKazakhstanНАО «Казахский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводства»Казахстан"Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing" LLPKazakhstanВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт мелиорированных земель ФИЦ «Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева»Россия”V.Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”, FRCRussian Federation202410102024037388Copyright © Жандыбаев O., Амиров Б., Малимбаева А., Баматов И., 20242024Жандыбаев O., Амиров Б., Малимбаева А., Баматов И.Zhandybayev O., Amirov B., Malimbayeva A., Bamatov I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/889

Согласно приоритета Казахстана по повышению продовольственной безопасности и сокращению импорта фруктов, данное исследование рассматривает эффективность различных методов удобрения на урожайность, качество плодов и экономическую эффективность в интенсивных яблоневых садах. С учетом увеличения площадей под яблоневые сады в Казахстане, оптимизация методов удобрения становится ключевым фактором для максимизации производства и обеспечения устойчивости. Целью исследования является оценка влияния трех методов удобрения – существующей технологии без NPK, внесения NPK в почву и фертигации - на урожайность и качество   яблонь сорта Геромини, привитых на карликовый подвой М9. Исследование также   оценивает экономическую эффективность каждого метода. Исследование проводилось в Туркестане, Казахстан, с 2019 по 2022 год с использованием рандомизированного блочного дизайна с четырьмя повторениями для каждого метода удобрения. Основные параметры включали урожайность плодов, качество (содержание сахара, сухое вещество, твердость), поглощение макроэлементов (азот, фосфор, калий) и экономические показатели. Фертигация оказалась наиболее эффективным методом, обеспечив наибольшую среднюю валовую урожайность (30,6 т/га), товарную урожайность (28,7 т/га) и показатели качества плодов, включая содержание сахара (24,1%) и средний вес плодов. Фертигация также показала лучшие результаты по поглощению макроэлементов, с наивысшими уровнями азота, фосфора и калия. В экономическом плане фертигация оказалась самым рентабельным методом, обеспечив наилучшую отдачу от инвестиции по сравнению с внесением удобрении в почву и традиционными методами. Исследование показывает, что фертигация значительно улучшает как урожайность, так и качество плодов, одновременно оптимизируя экономическую эффективность. Эффективность доставки и усвоения питательных веществ делает этот метод самым выгодным для интенсивных яблоневых садов. Рекомендуется продолжить исследования для совершенствования фертигационных технологии и изучения устойчивых практик для долгосрочной продуктивности садов.

In response to Kazakhstan's priority of enhancing food security and reducing fruit imports, this study investigates the efficacy of different fertilization methods on the yield, fruit quality, and economic performance of intensive apple orchards. Given the increasing area of apple cultivation in Kazakhstan, optimizing fertilization practices is crucial for maximizing production and ensuring sustainability.: The study aims to evaluate the impact of three fertilization methods- existing technology without NPK, NPK incorporation into the soil, and fertigation-on the yield and quality of Geromini apple trees grown on dwarf M9 rootstocks. The research also assesses the economic efficiency of each method. Conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Turkestan, Kazakhstan, the study employed a randomized block design with four replications for each fertilization Treatment. Key parameters measured included fruit yield, quality (sugar content, dry matter, firmness), macroelement uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and economic metrics. Fertigation emerged as the most effective method, resulting in the highest average gross yield (30.6 t/ha), marketable yield (28.7 t/ha), and fruit quality metrics, including sugar content (24.1%) and average fruit weight. Fertigation also demonstrated superior macroelement uptake, with the highest levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Economically, fertigation proved to be the most cost-effective method, providing a favorable return on investment compared to soil incorporation and traditional fertilization methods. The study concludes that fertigation significantly enhances both the yield and quality of apples while optimizing economic returns. This method’s efficiency in nutrient delivery and uptake positions it as the most advantageous practice for intensive apple orchards. Further research is recommended to refine fertigation techniques and explore sustainable practices for long-term orchard productivity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.